(C) 2019 by Damir Cavar
Version: 0.2, September 2019
Download: This and various other Jupyter notebooks are available from my GitHub repo.
This is a tutorial related to the discussion of grammar engineering and parsing in the class Alternative Syntactic Theories and Advanced Natural Language Processing taught at Indiana University in Spring 2019.
Using FrameNet in NLTK requires that the NLTK module and the FrameNet data set is installed in your Python environment. You can install and update your NLTK module using for example pip or conda, depending on the particular distribution you are using. In the command line use the following command to install or update your Python module:
pip install -U nltk
To run the following code examples, you will need at least the FrameNet data. Install the necessary data set using:
In [1]:
import nltk
nltk.download('framenet_v17')
[nltk_data] Downloading package framenet_v17 to
[nltk_data] C:\Users\damir/nltk_data...
[nltk_data] Package framenet_v17 is already up-to-date!
Out[1]:
True
We can load FrameNet from the NLTK corpus collection using:
In [1]:
from nltk.corpus import framenet as fn
The list of frames and thus the number of frames in the FrameNet data set can be retrieved using the following code example:
In [2]:
len(fn.frames())
Out[2]:
1221
Selecting specific frames
In [3]:
fn.frames(r'(?i)medical')
Out[3]:
[<frame ID=239 name=Medical_conditions>, <frame ID=257 name=Medical_instruments>, ...]
Selecting a specific frame by number
In [6]:
myFrame = fn.frame(256)
Accessing the ID of the specific frame
In [7]:
myFrame.ID
Out[7]:
256
Accessing the name of the specific frame
In [8]:
myFrame.name
Out[8]:
'Medical_specialties'
Accessing the definition of the specific frame
In [9]:
myFrame.definition
Out[9]:
"This frame includes words that name medical specialties and is closely related to the Medical_professionals frame. The FE Type characterizing a sub-are in a Specialty may also be expressed. 'Ralph practices paediatric oncology.'"
Accessing the Lexical Units (LU) and thus the number of the LUs
In [10]:
len(myFrame.lexUnit)
Out[10]:
29
Frame Elements (FE) can be retrieved using the FE method:
In [11]:
sorted([x for x in myFrame.FE])
Out[11]:
['Affliction', 'Body_system', 'Specialty', 'Type']
Accessing the Frame Relations
In [12]:
myFrame.frameRelations
Out[12]:
[<Parent=Medical_interaction_scenario -- Using -> Child=Medical_specialties>]
We can access the list of Lexical Units (LU) using
In [13]:
len(fn.lus())
Out[13]:
13572
A specific LU can be searched for
In [14]:
fn.lus(r'(?i)a little')
Out[14]:
[<lu ID=14744 name=a little bit.adv>, <lu ID=14743 name=a little.adv>, ...]
We can pick a particular LU by number
In [15]:
myLU = fn.lu(256)
The properties of this LU can be retrieved using various methods. For example the name of the LU can be accessed using:
In [16]:
myLU.name
Out[16]:
'foresee.v'
The name is encoded using the dotted notation. The string preceding the dot is the lemma. The string following the dot represents the part of speech. The parts of speech are:
The definition is available using:
In [17]:
myLU.definition
Out[17]:
'COD: be aware of beforehand; predict.'
The Frame name
In [18]:
myLU.frame.name
Out[18]:
'Expectation'
In [19]:
myLU.lexemes
Out[19]:
[{'POS': 'V', 'breakBefore': 'false', 'headword': 'false', 'name': 'foresee', 'order': 1}]
In [20]:
myLU.lexemes[0].name
Out[20]:
'foresee'
In [21]:
myLU.lexemes[0].POS
Out[21]:
'V'
FrameNet contains a set of annotated documents. The list of documents can be accessed in the following way:
In [22]:
docs = fn.docs()
len(docs)
Out[22]:
107
We can print a particular document using:
In [23]:
docs[0]
Out[23]:
full-text document (25397) chapter8_911report:
[corpid] 195
[corpname] ANC
[description] chapter8_911report
[URL] https://framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/fnReports/data/fulltext/ANC__chapter8_911report.xml
[sentence]
[0] '' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
[1] THE SUMMER OF THREAT
[2] As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving frequent but fragmentary
[3] reports about threats .
[4] Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
[5] everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
[6] To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled in the summer of
[7] 2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in general is collected and
[8] conveyed .
[9] Information is collected through several methods , including signals
[10] intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into intelligence
[11] reports .
[12] Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these reports may be
[13] highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive and widely
[14] disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
[15] Threat reporting must be
[16] disseminated , either through individual reports or through threat advisories .
[17] Such
[18] advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a specific threat or be
[19] a general warning .
[20] Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select fraction can be
[21] chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
[22] During 2001 , Director of
[23] Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding threats and other
[24] operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
[25] He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the CIA through what is
[26] known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
[27] Each PDB consists of a series of six to
[28] eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array of topics ; CIA
[29] staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given day .
[30] There were
[31] more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to September 10 ,
[32] 2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
[33] The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
[34] distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
[35] The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to a broader group of
[36] officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same subjects as the PDB .
[37] It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and methods .
[38] Like
[39] their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , and Richard Clarke , the
[40] National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , all received the SEIB ,
[41] not the PDB .
[42] Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting , but they did not
[43] have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the National Security Agency
[44] ( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
[45] The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
[46] reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased dramatically to its
[47] highest level since the millennium alert .
[48] At the end of March , the intelligence
[49] community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a heightened threat
[50] of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , personnel , and other
[51] interests .
[52] On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly reopening Pennsylvania
[53] Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National Security Advisor
[54] Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a truck bomb-their
[55] '' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
[56] That would result , he said , in the
[57] destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
[58] 5 He also told her that he
[59] thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , including al Qaeda .
[60] The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
[61] to locate him .
[62] As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major figure in
[63] the millennium plots .
[64] Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
[65] warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu Zubaydah was planning an
[66] operation in the near future .
[67] One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
[68] was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought might be Israel , or
[69] perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
[70] Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
[71] In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its field offices on
[72] April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
[73] It asked the offices to task all resources,
[74] including human sources and electronic databases , for any information pertaining to
[75] '' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism . ''
[76] It did not suggest
[77] that there was a domestic threat .
[78] The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that Clarke chaired discussed
[79] the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
[80] The next day , a briefing to top officials
[81] reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
[82] When the deputies discussed al
[83] Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the threat .
[84] In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports to top officials that
[85] '' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin Ladin network 's plans
[86] advancing . ''
[87] In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to launch
[88] attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
[89] Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
[90] by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current threat reporting
[91] specifically .
[92] The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy had
[93] warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the United States using
[94] '' high explosives . ''
[95] On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item on
[96] the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
[97] The
[98] anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
[99] Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against Americans abroad to force
[100] the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
[101] who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to blow up sites in
[102] New York City .
[103] The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an aircraft
[104] or storm a U.S. embassy .
[105] This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
[106] information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an airline hijacking to
[107] free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
[108] Other reporting mentioned that
[109] Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , and expected to carry
[110] out several more if things went well .
[111] On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
[112] grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well as a report about a
[113] cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be planning an attack
[114] against the United States .
[115] Reports similar to many of these were made available to President Bush in morning
[116] intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice President Dick
[117] Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
[118] While these briefings discussed general
[119] threats to attack America and American interests , the specific threats mentioned in
[120] these briefings were all overseas .
[121] On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more the United States could
[122] do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major terrorist attacks , ''
[123] probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
[124] Clarke wrote to Rice
[125] and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , as they likely will , we
[126] will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
[127] In May , CIA Counterterrorist
[128] Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current threat level was a 7 on a
[129] scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
[130] High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
[131] Attacks
[132] Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher peak of urgency .
[133] The
[134] summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
[135] and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a possible attack on
[136] the G-8 summit in Genoa .
[137] A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
[138] information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on Khalid Sheikh
[139] Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United States to meet with
[140] colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist attacks on Bin Ladin 's
[141] behalf .
[142] On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about intelligence
[143] suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target over the next few
[144] days .
[145] DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
[146] That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of the terrorist threat
[147] and updated its worldwide public warning .
[148] In June , the State Department initiated
[149] the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure , in order to keep
[150] long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
[151] The program permitted
[152] visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of directly at the
[153] embassy or consulate .
[154] A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a high probability of
[155] near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties .
[156] Other
[157] reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent '' and `` Bin Ladin and
[158] Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
[159] The latter reported multiple attacks planned
[160] over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
[161] during the next two weeks .
[162] On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. Central Command raised the
[163] force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries to the highest
[164] possible level , Delta .
[165] The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
[166] U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies in the Persian Gulf
[167] conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen was closed .
[168] The CSG
[169] had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to move on four hours '
[170] notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24 hour basis . ''
[171] On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate intelligence reports
[172] showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
[173] An Arabic television station
[174] reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were saying that the next
[175] weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and Israeli interests will be
[176] targeted .
[177] Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
[178] Clarke
[179] wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a psychological operation to
[180] keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
[181] The intelligence reporting
[182] consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a calamitous level,
[183] indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and that they would
[184] consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-attacks .
[185] On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda activity indicating attack
[186] planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. '' '' A series of new reports
[187] continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense Intelligence
[188] Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of attacks is likely in
[189] July , '' he noted .
[190] One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very , very,
[191] very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's network was reportedly
[192] anticipating the attack .
[193] In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
[194] share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to push for immediate
[195] disruptions of cells .
[196] The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: '' Bin Ladin Planning
[197] High-Profile Attacks . ''
[198] The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
[199] near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic proportions .
[200] That
[201] same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror alert .
[202] Despite evidence
[203] of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the planning for attacks was
[204] continuing .
[205] On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to federal agencies and
[206] state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information regarding threats
[207] from Bin Ladin .
[208] It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
[209] indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad from groups `` aligned
[210] with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
[211] Despite the general warnings , the message
[212] further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a credible threat of
[213] terrorist attack in the United States . ''
[214] However , it went on to emphasize that the
[215] possibility of attack in the United States could not be discounted .
[216] It also noted
[217] that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
[218] The report asked recipients
[219] to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious activities '' to the FBI .
[220] It did
[221] not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent attacks .
[222] Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were launched involving 20
[223] countries .
[224] Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign governments,
[225] possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps averting attacks
[226] against two or three U.S. embassies .
[227] Clarke and others told us of a particular
[228] concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
[229] After it passed uneventfully,
[230] the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
[231] To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney contacted Saudi Crown Prince
[232] Abdullah on July 5 .
[233] Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
[234] worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
[235] In late July , because of threats , Italy
[236] closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries at the Genoa
[237] airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
[238] At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and security officials
[239] from several domestic agencies .
[240] On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
[241] Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the Secret Service , Customs ,
[242] the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current threat .
[243] Attendees report
[244] that they were told not to disseminate the threat information they received at the
[245] meeting .
[246] They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could brief
[247] their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field .
[248] An NSC official
[249] recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees were asked to take the
[250] information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can '' with it , subject to
[251] classification and distribution restrictions .
[252] A representative from the INS asked
[253] for a summary of the information that she could share with field offices .
[254] She never
[255] received one .
[256] That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the al Qaeda threat,
[257] warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
[258] Ashcroft was told that
[259] preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already complete and that
[260] little additional warning could be expected .
[261] The briefing addressed only threats
[262] outside the United States .
[263] The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda members believed the
[264] upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively different from anything they
[265] had done to date .
[266] Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the interagency committee
[267] on federal building security was tasked to examine security measures .
[268] This committee
[269] met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and organizations were briefed on
[270] the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
[271] They were told that not only the
[272] threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the East Africa
[273] bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-returned KhobarTowers
[274] indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance . ''
[275] Attendees were
[276] expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed enhanced security
[277] measures .
[278] On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the public regarding
[279] possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
[280] Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his periodic conference
[281] calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
[282] He said one of the items he
[283] mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting , to have evidence
[284] response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of an attack .
[285] He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any plots were being
[286] considered within the United States or to take any action to disrupt any such plots .
[287] In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's plans had been delayed,
[288] maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
[289] On July 23 , the lead item for
[290] CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included mention of suspected
[291] terrorist travel to the United States .
[292] On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation community to `` reports of
[293] possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
[294] and/or Israel . ''
[295] It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans to
[296] attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the `` currently active ''
[297] terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings '' and were able to build
[298] and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and consumer products .
[299] Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red . ''
[300] By late July , Tenet
[301] said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
[302] Not everyone was
[303] convinced .
[304] Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
[305] On June 30 ,
[306] the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are Real . ''
[307] Yet Hadley told
[308] Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz questioned the
[309] reporting .
[310] Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
[311] Tenet replied that
[312] he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on this point ; the
[313] reporting was convincing .
[314] To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
[315] official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a colleague were
[316] considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
[317] The Calm Before the Storm
[318] On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in intelligence about a
[319] near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
[320] He urged keeping readiness high during the
[321] August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an attack had just
[322] been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
[323] On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the increased volume of
[324] threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa embassy bombings,
[325] increased attention should be paid to security planning .
[326] It noted that although most
[327] of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S. interests abroad , the
[328] possibility of an attack in the United States could not be discounted .
[329] On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory concluding that the threat
[330] of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely .
[331] Citing threats in
[332] the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the advisory suggested that al
[333] Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before moving forward
[334] with the planned attacks .
[335] During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on several occasions asked
[336] his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United States .
[337] Reflecting on
[338] these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article summarizing its
[339] understanding of this danger .
[340] Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
[341] article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate their view that the
[342] threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both current and
[343] serious .
[344] The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
[345] Determined to Strike in US . ''
[346] It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
[347] related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the possibility of an
[348] attack in the United States .
[349] The President told us the August 6 report was
[350] historical in nature .
[351] President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
[352] dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become President .
[353] The President
[354] said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack America .
[355] He recalled
[356] some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was heartening that 70
[357] investigations were under way .
[358] As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
[359] the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had been looked into in
[360] May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
[361] He did not recall discussing
[362] the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had done so .
[363] He said
[364] that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United States , they would
[365] have moved to take care of it .
[366] That never happened .
[367] Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB , it did not contain
[368] the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged casing of buildings
[369] in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact that the FBI had
[370] approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
[371] The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily Brief received by
[372] President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material is indicated by
[373] brackets .
[374] Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign government , and media
[375] reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct terrorist attacks in
[376] the US .
[377] Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 that his
[378] followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and
[379] '' bring the fighting to America . ''
[380] After US missile strikes on his base in
[381] Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to retaliate in
[382] Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
[383] An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service at the same time
[384] that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to the US to mount
[385] a terrorist strike .
[386] The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of Bin Ladin 's first
[387] serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
[388] Convicted plotter
[389] Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to attack Los Angeles
[390] International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu Zubaydah
[391] encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
[392] Ressam also said that in
[393] 1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
[394] Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
[395] Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US Embassies in
[396] Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares operations years in
[397] advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
[398] Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
[399] Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and some members of the
[400] Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 1997 .
[401] Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided in or traveled
[402] to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a support structure that
[403] could aid attacks .
[404] Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
[405] our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ member lived in
[406] California in the mid- 1990s .
[407] A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
[408] cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks .
[409] We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational threat
[410] reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that Bin Ladin wanted
[411] to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
[412] 'Umar 'Abd
[413] al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
[414] Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns of suspicious
[415] activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other
[416] types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal buildings in New
[417] York .
[418] The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations throughout the
[419] US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
[420] CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
[421] to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin supporters was
[422] in the US planning attacks with explosives .
[423] No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible threat of a strike in
[424] the United States as a result of this report .
[425] Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah was considering
[426] mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after postponing possible
[427] operations in Europe .
[428] No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
[429] We have found no indication of any further discussion before September 11 among the
[430] President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of an al Qaeda attack
[431] in the United States .
[432] DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
[433] 17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between August 31 ( after the
[434] President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
[435] But Tenet does not recall
[436] any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during this period .
[437] Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 2001 that the number
[438] and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
[439] Many officials told us that they
[440] knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to stop it .
[441] Despite
[442] their large number , the threats received contained few specifics regarding time,
[443] place , method , or target .
[444] Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
[445] overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. interests . ''
[446] We can not
[447] say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were , related to the 9/11
[448] attacks .
[449] Government Response to the Threats
[450] National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the `` nerve center '' for
[451] running the crisis , although other senior officials were involved over the course of
[452] the summer .
[453] In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and weekly
[454] meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking regularly with
[455] Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld .
[456] The
[457] foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every day on a variety
[458] of topics .
[459] Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they had the job of
[460] coordinating domestic agencies .
[461] They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
[462] were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
[463] There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign versus domestic
[464] threats .
[465] Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks- enlisting
[466] foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , moving military assets
[467] out of the way of possible harm .
[468] Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
[469] because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained to threats overseas .
[470] As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly resulted in its
[471] closing .
[472] Possible domestic threats were more vague .
[473] When reports did not specify
[474] where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that they would again be
[475] overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United States .
[476] Each of the
[477] FBI threat advisories made this point .
[478] Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice that al Qaeda
[479] sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
[480] In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
[481] strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in the United States .
[482] He
[483] noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell involved in the millennium
[484] plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist suspected in the East
[485] Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network of al Qida 'sleeper
[486] agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
[487] He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
[488] attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
[489] His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting but on past experience .
[490] The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign and domestic threats .
[491] The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert to foreign threats
[492] to U.S. interests there .
[493] The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
[494] domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
[495] No one was looking for
[496] a foreign threat to domestic targets .
[497] The threat that was coming was not from
[498] sleeper cells .
[499] It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
[500] United States .
[501] A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic agencies did not know
[502] what to do , and no one gave them direction .
[503] Cressey told us that the CSG did not
[504] tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
[505] He noted that the agencies that
[506] were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond ; they had
[507] experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
[508] In contrast , the domestic
[509] agencies did not have a game plan .
[510] Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
[511] else instructed them to create one .
[512] This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with representatives from
[513] the domestic agencies .
[514] The briefing focused on overseas threats .
[515] The domestic
[516] agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address the threat and were
[517] not told what was expected of them .
[518] Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
[519] told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
[520] 46 The domestic
[521] agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive a call to action .
[522] Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on September 15, 2001 .
[523] He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic agencies to the
[524] possibility of an attack in the United States .
[525] Clarke concluded that domestic
[526] agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major al Qaeda attack was
[527] coming and could be in the United States .
[528] Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives mandating new security
[529] procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer of 2001 increased
[530] security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
[531] The information circulars mostly urged
[532] air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
[533] Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
[534] a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the increased threat to
[535] civil aviation .
[536] The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings but
[537] said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group is currently thinking
[538] in that direction . ''
[539] The FAA conducted 27 special security
[540] briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and September 11, 2001 .
[541] Two
[542] of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
[543] None discussed the
[544] possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as weapons .
[545] No new security
[546] measures were instituted .
[547] Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S. field offices to
[548] increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to informants who
[549] might have information about terrorist plots .
[550] An NSC staff document at the time
[551] describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does not indicate
[552] whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
[553] Other than the previously described
[554] April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , the FBI could not
[555] find any record of having received such a directive .
[556] The April 13 document asking
[557] field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not mention any possible
[558] threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of suspected
[559] operatives .
[560] The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain and did
[561] not review what had been issued earlier .
[562] Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July 19 conference call,
[563] he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls with the special
[564] agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance review
[565] discussions .
[566] In speaking with agents around the country , we found little evidence
[567] that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New York Field
[568] Office .
[569] The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he had many discussions
[570] about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
[571] They had expected an attack on
[572] July 4 .
[573] Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
[574] But he told
[575] us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
[576] He wished he had known more .
[577] He wished he
[578] had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat information instead of
[579] two . ''
[580] Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by Pickard in early July
[581] about the danger .
[582] Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
[583] through July , and twice in August .
[584] There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
[585] in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
[586] Pickard told us that
[587] after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want to hear about the
[588] threats anymore .
[589] Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
[590] Pickard says he continued to
[591] present terrorism information during further briefings that summer , but nothing
[592] further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
[593] The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was intelligence about
[594] attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard said he replied that
[595] he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in the United States ,
[596] although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets .
[597] Ashcroft said he
[598] therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
[599] He acknowledged that in
[600] retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
[601] He did not ask the FBI what it was
[602] doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any specific action .
[603] He
[604] also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department of Justice , to take
[605] any specific action .
[606] In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the threat .
[607] They did not
[608] have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
[609] The borders were not hardened .
[610] Transportation systems were not fortified .
[611] Electronic surveillance was not targeted
[612] against a domestic threat .
[613] State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the FBI 's efforts .
[614] The
[615] public was not warned .
[616] The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our government .
[617] The
[618] question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an opportunity to disrupt
[619] the plot .
[620] As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
[621] At least two
[622] such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in late August .
[623] LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
[624] In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully detected some of the
[625] early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements of Khalid al Mihdhar
[626] and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone they perhaps could
[627] have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less easily identifiable
[628] people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
[629] These observations occurred in December 1999
[630] and January 2000 .
[631] The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
[632] realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to pick it up again .
[633] Nor
[634] had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist for suspected
[635] terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might take note if Mihdhar
[636] showed up again .
[637] On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had apparent opportunities to
[638] refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate the search for
[639] them .
[640] After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of the Moussaoui
[641] case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
[642] January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
[643] Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok , the FBI and the
[644] CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
[645] They learned of the link
[646] between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad . ''
[647] They also learned that
[648] Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had helped direct the
[649] bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to his role in the Cole
[650] bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's investigative team in Yemen
[651] realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI / CIA source four
[652] months earlier .
[653] The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
[654] person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
[655] It was shown to the source , and
[656] he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad he had
[657] described .
[658] In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with Khalid al Mihdhar , the
[659] CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al Mihdhar might be one and
[660] the same .
[661] The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar be shown to the joint
[662] source who had identified Khallad .
[663] In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
[664] Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
[665] One was a known photograph of
[666] Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
[667] The source did not
[668] recognize Mihdhar .
[669] But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
[670] individual was Khallad .
[671] This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
[672] It also meant that
[673] there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar seem even more
[674] suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-abandoned search
[675] for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
[676] In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of this identification .
[677] DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint Inquiry into 9/11 that
[678] the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
[679] But drawing on an
[680] extensive record , including documents that were not available to the CIA personnel
[681] who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
[682] The FBI 's primary
[683] Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in Kuala Lumpur with
[684] Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
[685] Because the FBI had not
[686] been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a U.S. visa , it had not
[687] then started looking for him in the United States .
[688] Because it did not know of the
[689] links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for him in January
[690] 2001 .
[691] This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information sharing can emerge
[692] even when there is mutual goodwill .
[693] The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
[694] who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not understood by the FBI
[695] agent on the scene overseas .
[696] Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
[697] the amount of time spent with the source .
[698] As a result , the CIA officer usually did
[699] not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague and friend .
[700] For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent on the scene received
[701] copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies regarding the
[702] interviews .
[703] But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational reports,
[704] which contained more detail .
[705] It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
[706] did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 identification of
[707] Khallad appeared .
[708] The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification and
[709] thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
[710] He might not have
[711] understood the possible significance of the new identification .
[712] In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
[713] It is possible that if,
[714] in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed him on the State
[715] Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the information , he might
[716] have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new visa in June 2001 ,
[717] or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
[718] Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
[719] By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA official detailed to the
[720] International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered where the attacks
[721] might occur .
[722] We will call him `` John . ''
[723] Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
[724] travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the CIA 's databases for
[725] information regarding the travel .
[726] On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
[727] reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the information that
[728] Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles on January 15 ,
[729] 2000 .
[730] The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding them .
[731] '' John , ''
[732] however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we will call `` Dave , '' to
[733] figure out what these cables meant .
[734] '' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
[735] one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
[736] He concluded that `` something bad was
[737] definitely up . ''
[738] Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made no effort
[739] to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United States .
[740] He did not
[741] raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
[742] He was focused on Malaysia .
[743] '' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a `` zone defense . ''
[744] He was
[745] worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
[746] In contrast , he told
[747] us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
[748] Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases '' in the same sense as
[749] an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
[750] Thus , when the trail
[751] went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the desk officer moved on
[752] to different things .
[753] By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
[754] one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer was no longer
[755] responsible for follow-up .
[756] While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
[757] the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
[758] The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who . ''
[759] Had its information been
[760] shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense and the FBI 's
[761] man-to-man approach might have been productive .
[762] June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
[763] '' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some more sharing of
[764] information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we will call `` Jane . ''
[765] '' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
[766] She knew that another terrorist
[767] involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to Bangkok in January 2000 to
[768] give money to Khallad .
[769] '' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working together on Colerelated issues .
[770] Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some photographs to FBI agents in New
[771] York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
[772] '' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` Jane '' to show to the New
[773] York agents .
[774] She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was someone
[775] named Khalid al Mihdhar .
[776] She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
[777] the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not told that someone had
[778] identified Khallad in the photographs .
[779] When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
[780] for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA reports on the
[781] planning for the meeting .
[782] Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
[783] tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
[784] or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
[785] '' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
[786] to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole case .
[787] '' Jane '' brought
[788] the surveillance pictures .
[789] At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
[790] to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of them .
[791] The agents
[792] asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
[793] Why were these people
[794] being followed ?
[795] Where are the rest of the photographs ?
[796] The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than the photographs-were the
[797] NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
[798] These reports , however , contained
[799] caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal investigators without
[800] the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of Intelligence Policy and Review
[801] ( OIPR ) .
[802] Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on information from those
[803] reports to the agents .
[804] This decision was potentially significant , because the
[805] signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a suspected terrorist
[806] facility in the Middle East .
[807] The agents would have established a link to the
[808] suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
[809] This link would
[810] have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
[811] The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being kept from obtaining
[812] the fruits of their own work .
[813] '' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
[814] Lumpur meeting .
[815] He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
[816] application indicated that he intended to travel to New York , that Hazmi had
[817] traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in the company of
[818] Khallad .
[819] No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not volunteer
[820] anything .
[821] He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not authorized to
[822] answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
[823] Jane '' said she assumed that if
[824] '' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have volunteered them .
[825] The New York
[826] agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might have started them
[827] looking for Mihdhar .
[828] Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning .
[829] He had left the
[830] United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could endanger the entire
[831] plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to travel to the United
[832] States again .
[833] And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he had jihadist
[834] connections .
[835] It was just such connections that had brought him to the attention of
[836] U.S. officials .
[837] Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
[838] Mihdhar received a new U.S.
[839] visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
[840] He flew to New York City on
[841] July 4 .
[842] No one was looking for him .
[843] August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
[844] During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct but not as part of any
[845] formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to the CIA 's Bin Ladin
[846] unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
[847] She had been at the
[848] New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not looked into the issues yet
[849] herself . ''
[850] John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
[851] '' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
[852] That day , she found the cable reporting that
[853] Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
[854] A week later , she found the cable reporting
[855] that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be his first
[856] application-listed New York as his destination .
[857] On August 21 , she located the March
[858] 2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to Los Angeles in January
[859] 2000 .
[860] She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
[861] '' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative at FBI headquarters .
[862] On
[863] August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United States on January
[864] 15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
[865] '' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
[866] no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 , and they assumed he
[867] had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
[868] They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
[869] States , he should be found .
[870] They divided up the work . ''
[871] Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
[872] that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
[873] Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
[874] added to this watchlist on August 24 .
[875] '' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the United States .
[876] As the
[877] information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York , she began drafting
[878] what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
[879] A lead relays
[880] information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that a particular
[881] action be taken .
[882] She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on the
[883] matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
[884] Her email told the New York
[885] agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible , but she labeled the
[886] lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving office that it has 30
[887] days to respond .
[888] The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad supervisor .
[889] That same day,
[890] the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to open an intelligence
[891] case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI intelligence information
[892] from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
[893] He also sent it to the Cole case agents
[894] and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching for another
[895] Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
[896] The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , determine his contacts
[897] and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct an interview .
[898] Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` John , '' the CIA official on
[899] detail to the FBI .
[900] She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
[901] unit .
[902] The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search should be
[903] classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one .
[904] It appears that no
[905] one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA about the
[906] case .
[907] There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these terrorist suspects , was
[908] substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a section within the
[909] Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
[910] One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and contacted `` Jane '' to
[911] obtain more information . ''
[912] Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
[913] designated a `` criminal ''
[914] FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
[915] from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
[916] In fact , she felt he had to destroy
[917] his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from reports that included
[918] caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR 's permission .
[919] The
[920] agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National Security Law Unit
[921] ( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
[922] '' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that according to the NSLU ,
[923] the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and that if Mihdhar was
[924] found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even be present at any
[925] interview .
[926] She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could apply to
[927] this situation .
[928] The FBI agent angrily responded:
[929] Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall or not-the
[930] public will not understand why we were not more effective and throwing every
[931] resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
[932] Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
[933] will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the biggest threat to
[934] us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
[935] '' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she claimed that they were in
[936] the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and every office of the FBI is
[937] required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
[938] It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the rules governing the
[939] sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels .
[940] Because Mihdhar
[941] was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of the Cole bombing , he
[942] could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal case .
[943] No new
[944] criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin searching for Mihdhar .
[945] And
[946] as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the criminal agent , he could
[947] have conducted a search using all available information .
[948] As a result of this
[949] confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al Qaeda and experienced
[950] with criminal investigative techniques , including finding suspects and possible
[951] criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
[952] The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very first counterterrorism
[953] lead .
[954] Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open an intelligence
[955] case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
[956] He started the process a
[957] few days later .
[958] He checked local New York databases for criminal record and driver 's
[959] license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's U.S. entry form .
[960] Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles , because Mihdhar had
[961] initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
[962] We believe that if more resources had been applied and a significantly different
[963] approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
[964] They had used their true
[965] names in the United States .
[966] Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
[967] as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches had begun as early
[968] as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
[969] Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had been found , there was
[970] nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the planes .
[971] We believe
[972] this is incorrect .
[973] Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
[974] violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
[975] Investigation or
[976] interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and financial activities,
[977] could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants in the 9/11 plot .
[978] The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
[979] In any case , the
[980] opportunity did not arise .
[981] Phoenix Memo
[982] The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry and the Department
[983] of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
[984] In July 2001 , an FBI
[985] agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters and to two agents
[986] on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office , advising of the
[987] '' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to send students to the
[988] United States to attend civil aviation schools .
[989] The agent based his theory on the
[990] '' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest '' attending such schools
[991] in Arizona .
[992] The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to compile a list of civil
[993] aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss his theories about
[994] Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to obtain visa
[995] information on persons applying to flight schools .
[996] His recommendations were not
[997] acted on .
[998] His memo was forwarded to one field office .
[999] Managers of the Usama Bin
[1000] Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI headquarters were addressees,
[1001] but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .
[1002] No managers at
[1003] headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York Field Office took no
[1004] action .
[1005] As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an alert about suicide
[1006] pilots .
[1007] His worry was more about a Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which explosives
[1008] were placed on an aircraft .
[1009] The memo 's references to aviation training were broad,
[1010] including aeronautical engineering .
[1011] If the memo had been distributed in a timely fashion and its recommendations acted on
[1012] promptly , we do not believe it would have uncovered the plot .
[1013] It might well,
[1014] however , have sensitized the FBI so that it might have taken the Moussaoui matter
[1015] more seriously the next month .
[1016] Zacarias Moussaoui
[1017] On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated an intelligence
[1018] investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .
[1019] As mentioned in chapter 7 , he had entered the
[1020] United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at Airman Flight School
[1021] in Norman , Oklahoma .
[1022] He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
[1023] Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .
[1024] He had none of the usual
[1025] qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's Boeing 747 flight simulators .
[1026] He said
[1027] he did not intend to become a commercial pilot but wanted the training as an `` ego
[1028] boosting thing . ''
[1029] Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying , he
[1030] wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a Boeing 747 .
[1031] The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that Moussaoui possessed jihadist beliefs .
[1032] Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a bank account but did not provide a plausible
[1033] explanation for this sum of money .
[1034] He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
[1035] when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in Pakistan ( Pakistan was
[1036] the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .
[1037] He planned to receive
[1038] martial arts training , and intended to purchase a global positioning receiver .
[1039] The
[1040] agent also noted that Moussaoui became extremely agitated whenever he was questioned
[1041] regarding his religious beliefs .
[1042] The agent concluded that Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
[1043] extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical fundamentalist
[1044] goals . ''
[1045] He also believed Moussaoui 's plan was related to his flight training .
[1046] Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a missed opportunity .
[1047] An apparently
[1048] unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI .
[1049] As discussed in
[1050] chapter 7 , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received money from Ramzi
[1051] Binalshibh .
[1052] If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should instantly
[1053] have arisen about a possible al Qaeda plot that involved piloting airliners , a
[1054] possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the intelligence community .
[1055] The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS representative on the
[1056] Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that Moussaoui might be planning to
[1057] hijack a plane .
[1058] Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should be
[1059] arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional information .
[1060] Because it was
[1061] not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case agent decided the most
[1062] important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any further training that he
[1063] could use to carry out a potential attack .
[1064] As a French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui could be detained
[1065] immediately .
[1066] The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .
[1067] A deportation
[1068] order was signed on August 17, 2001 .
[1069] The agents in Minnesota were concerned that the U.S. Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
[1070] would find insufficient probable cause of a crime to obtain a criminal warrant to
[1071] search Moussaoui 's laptop computer .
[1072] Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient probable cause .
[1073] Minneapolis therefore sought a special warrant under the Foreign Intelligence
[1074] Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in chapter 3 ) .
[1075] To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause that Moussaoui was an
[1076] agent of a foreign power , a demonstration that was not required to obtain a criminal
[1077] warrant but was a statutory requirement for a FISA warrant .
[1078] The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect Moussaoui to a `` foreign
[1079] power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and overseas .
[1080] The FBI agent 's August 18 message requested assistance from the FBI legal attach� in
[1081] Paris .
[1082] Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought assistance
[1083] from the legal attach� there as well .
[1084] By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
[1085] contacted an FBI detailee and a CIA desk officer at the Counterterrorist Center
[1086] about the case .
[1087] The FBI legal attach� 's office in Paris first contacted the French government on
[1088] August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case agent on the
[1089] telephone .
[1090] On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made a
[1091] connection between Moussaoui and a rebel leader in Chechnya , Ibn al Khattab .
[1092] This
[1093] set off a spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office , FBI headquarters,
[1094] and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were sufficiently
[1095] associated with a terrorist organization to constitute a `` foreign power '' for
[1096] purposes of the FISA statute .
[1097] FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
[1098] and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a FISA application .
[1099] After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal attach� in London had
[1100] promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British government , hand-delivering
[1101] the request on August 21 .
[1102] On August 24 , the CIA also sent a cable to London and
[1103] Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight training '' that described
[1104] Moussaoui as a possible `` suicide hijacker . ''
[1105] On August 28 , the CIA sent a request for
[1106] information to a different service of the British government ; this communication
[1107] warned that Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end of August .
[1108] The FBI
[1109] office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials as an aside , after
[1110] a meeting about a more urgent matter on September 3 , and sent the British service a
[1111] written update on September 5 .
[1112] The case was not handled by the British as a priority
[1113] amid a large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .
[1114] On September 4 , the FBI sent a teletype to the CIA , the FAA , the Customs Service , the
[1115] State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing the known facts
[1116] regarding Moussaoui .
[1117] It did not report the case agent 's personal assessment that
[1118] Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .
[1119] It did contain the FAA 's comment that it
[1120] was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training schools in the
[1121] United States .
[1122] Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the beginning about
[1123] Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that it could not share the more
[1124] complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .
[1125] The Minneapolis supervisor
[1126] sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in what he thought
[1127] were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .
[1128] No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .
[1129] There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and FBI headquarters as
[1130] to what Moussaoui was planning to do .
[1131] In one conversation between a Minneapolis
[1132] supervisor and a headquarters agent , the latter complained that Minneapolis 's FISA
[1133] request was couched in a manner intended to get people `` spun up . ''
[1134] The supervisor
[1135] replied that was precisely his intent .
[1136] He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
[1137] taking a plane and crashing into the World Trade Center . ''
[1138] The headquarters agent
[1139] replied that this was not going to happen and that they did not know if Moussaoui
[1140] was a terrorist .
[1141] There is no evidence that either FBI Acting Director Pickard or Assistant Director
[1142] for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui case prior to 9/11 .
[1143] Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau 's
[1144] InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled being told about
[1145] Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the context that he might
[1146] be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about how headquarters was
[1147] handling the matter .
[1148] He never received such a call .
[1149] Although the acting special
[1150] agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to discuss the Moussaoui
[1151] case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at FBI headquarters and
[1152] call Rolince .
[1153] On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in a briefing titled
[1154] '' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly . ''
[1155] Tenet was also told
[1156] that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a 747 , paid for his training in cash , was
[1157] interested to learn the doors do not open in flight , and wanted to fly a simulated
[1158] flight from London to New York .
[1159] He was told that the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
[1160] because of a visa overstay and that the CIA was working the case with the FBI .
[1161] Tenet
[1162] told us that no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at the time .
[1163] Seeing it as
[1164] an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the White House or the
[1165] FBI .
[1166] No connection was made between Moussaoui 's presence in the United States and
[1167] the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .
[1168] On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London renewed their appeal for
[1169] information about Moussaoui .
[1170] In response to U.S. requests , the British government
[1171] supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .
[1172] The British government
[1173] informed us that it also immediately tasked intelligence collection facilities for
[1174] information about Moussaoui .
[1175] On September 13 , the British government received new,
[1176] sensitive intelligence that Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda training camp in
[1177] Afghanistan .
[1178] It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day .
[1179] Had
[1180] this information been available in late August 2001 , the Moussaoui case would almost
[1181] certainly have received intense , high-level attention .
[1182] The FBI also learned after 9/11 that the millennium terrorist Ressam , who by 2001 was
[1183] cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone who had been in the
[1184] Afghan camps .
[1185] As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis had failed to persuade
[1186] supervisors at headquarters that there was enough evidence to seek a FISA warrant to
[1187] search Moussaoui 's computer hard drive and belongings .
[1188] Either the British
[1189] information or the Ressam identification would have broken the logjam .
[1190] A maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could have unearthed his
[1191] connections to Binalshibh .
[1192] Those connections might have brought investigators to the
[1193] core of the 9/11 plot .
[1194] The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
[1195] though it was not an easy trail to find .
[1196] Discovering it would have required quick
[1197] and very substantial cooperation from the German government , which might well have
[1198] been difficult to obtain .
[1199] However , publicity about Moussaoui 's arrest and a possible
[1200] hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the search for Mihdhar
[1201] and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led to a breakthrough
[1202] that would have disrupted the plot .
[1203] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
[1204] Another late opportunity was presented by a confluence of information regarding
[1205] Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in the summer of 2001 .
[1206] The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual only later identified
[1207] as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .
[1208] Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not the case before
[1209] 9/11 .
[1210] KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the Manila air
[1211] plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist , associated with Ramzi
[1212] Yousef .
[1213] Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not recognized
[1214] at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small Islamic Extremist Branch
[1215] of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .
[1216] Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became targeted for arrest .
[1217] In
[1218] 1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a Renditions Branch to help find wanted
[1219] fugitives .
[1220] Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which gave the CIA
[1221] a `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .
[1222] When subsequent information
[1223] came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had the job of following
[1224] up on what the information might mean .
[1225] For example , in September 2000 , a source had reported that an individual named Khalid
[1226] al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a key lieutenant in al Qaeda .
[1227] Al- Ballushi means `` from
[1228] Baluchistan , '' and KSM is from Baluchistan .
[1229] Recognizing the possible significance of
[1230] this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information .
[1231] When no information
[1232] was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .
[1233] When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and summer of 2001 , they
[1234] were not put together .
[1235] The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing information associated with a
[1236] person known as `` Mukhtar '' that the CIA had begun analyzing in April 2001 .
[1237] The CIA
[1238] did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that he associated with al Qaeda
[1239] lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that , based on the nature of the information , he was
[1240] evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .
[1241] The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information regarding KSM .
[1242] On June
[1243] 12, 2001 , a CIA report said that `` Khaled '' was actively recruiting people to travel
[1244] outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where colleagues were reportedly
[1245] already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-related activities for
[1246] Bin Ladin .
[1247] CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting that this
[1248] person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
[1249] In July , the same source was shown a series of
[1250] photographs and identified a photograph of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed as the Khaled he
[1251] had previously discussed .
[1252] The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit on August 28 in a
[1253] cable reporting that KSM 's nickname was Mukhtar .
[1254] No one made the connection to the
[1255] reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .
[1256] This connection might
[1257] also have underscored concern about the June reporting that KSM was recruiting
[1258] terrorists to travel , including to the United States .
[1259] Only after 9/11 would it be
[1260] discovered that Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a phone that was used by
[1261] Binalshibh , and that Binalshibh had used the same phone to communicate with
[1262] Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7 .
[1263] As in the Moussaoui situation already
[1264] described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy trail to find and
[1265] would have required substantial cooperation from the German government .
[1266] But time was
[1267] short , and running out .
[1268] Time Runs Out
[1269] As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the summer of 2001 .
[1270] Officials
[1271] were alerted across the world .
[1272] Many were doing everything they possibly could to
[1273] respond to the threats .
[1274] Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001 connected the case in
[1275] his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior officials and being briefed
[1276] to the President .
[1277] Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities .
[1278] As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the bigger picture ; no
[1279] analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the thundercloud to the
[1280] ground .
[1281] We see little evidence that the progress of the plot was disturbed by any government
[1282] action .
[1283] The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by al Qaeda .
[1284] Time ran out .
The document is a disctionary data structure. The individual keys can be retrieved using:
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docs[0].keys()
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[full-text sentence (4154255) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
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'' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
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THE SUMMER OF THREAT
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As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving
frequent but fragmentary
, full-text sentence (4154258) in chapter8_911report:
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reports about threats .
, full-text sentence (4154259) in chapter8_911report:
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Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
, full-text sentence (4154260) in chapter8_911report:
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everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
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To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled
in the summer of
, full-text sentence (4154262) in chapter8_911report:
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2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in
general is collected and
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conveyed .
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Information is collected through several methods , including
signals
, full-text sentence (4154265) in chapter8_911report:
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intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into
intelligence
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reports .
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Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these
reports may be
, full-text sentence (4154268) in chapter8_911report:
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highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive
and widely
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disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
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Threat reporting must be
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disseminated , either through individual reports or through
threat advisories .
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Such
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advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a
specific threat or be
, full-text sentence (4154274) in chapter8_911report:
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a general warning .
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Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select
fraction can be
, full-text sentence (4154276) in chapter8_911report:
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chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
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During 2001 , Director of
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Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding
threats and other
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operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
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He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the
CIA through what is
, full-text sentence (4154281) in chapter8_911report:
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known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
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Each PDB consists of a series of six to
, full-text sentence (4154283) in chapter8_911report:
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eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array
of topics ; CIA
, full-text sentence (4154284) in chapter8_911report:
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staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given
day .
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There were
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[text] + [annotationSet]
more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to
September 10 ,
, full-text sentence (4154287) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
, full-text sentence (4154288) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
, full-text sentence (4154289) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
, full-text sentence (4154290) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to
a broader group of
, full-text sentence (4154291) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same
subjects as the PDB .
, full-text sentence (4154292) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and
methods .
, full-text sentence (4154293) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Like
, full-text sentence (4154294) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director ,
and Richard Clarke , the
, full-text sentence (4154295) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator ,
all received the SEIB ,
, full-text sentence (4154296) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
not the PDB .
, full-text sentence (4154297) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting
, but they did not
, full-text sentence (4154298) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the
National Security Agency
, full-text sentence (4154299) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
, full-text sentence (4154300) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
, full-text sentence (4154301) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased
dramatically to its
, full-text sentence (4154302) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
highest level since the millennium alert .
, full-text sentence (4154303) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
At the end of March , the intelligence
, full-text sentence (4154304) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a
heightened threat
, full-text sentence (4154305) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities ,
personnel , and other
, full-text sentence (4154306) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
interests .
, full-text sentence (4154307) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly
reopening Pennsylvania
, full-text sentence (4154308) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National
Security Advisor
, full-text sentence (4154309) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a
truck bomb-their
, full-text sentence (4154310) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
, full-text sentence (4154311) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That would result , he said , in the
, full-text sentence (4154312) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
, full-text sentence (4154313) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
5 He also told her that he
, full-text sentence (4154314) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
thought there were terrorist cells within the United States ,
including al Qaeda .
, full-text sentence (4154315) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu
Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
, full-text sentence (4154316) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to locate him .
, full-text sentence (4154317) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major
figure in
, full-text sentence (4154318) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the millennium plots .
, full-text sentence (4154319) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
, full-text sentence (4154320) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu
Zubaydah was planning an
, full-text sentence (4154321) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
operation in the near future .
, full-text sentence (4154322) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
, full-text sentence (4154323) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought
might be Israel , or
, full-text sentence (4154324) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
, full-text sentence (4154325) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
, full-text sentence (4154326) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its
field offices on
, full-text sentence (4154327) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
, full-text sentence (4154328) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It asked the offices to task all resources,
, full-text sentence (4154329) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
including human sources and electronic databases , for any
information pertaining to
, full-text sentence (4154330) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism .
''
, full-text sentence (4154331) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It did not suggest
, full-text sentence (4154332) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that there was a domestic threat .
, full-text sentence (4154333) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that
Clarke chaired discussed
, full-text sentence (4154334) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
, full-text sentence (4154335) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The next day , a briefing to top officials
, full-text sentence (4154336) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
, full-text sentence (4154337) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
When the deputies discussed al
, full-text sentence (4154338) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the
threat .
, full-text sentence (4154339) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports
to top officials that
, full-text sentence (4154340) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin
Ladin network 's plans
, full-text sentence (4154341) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
advancing . ''
, full-text sentence (4154342) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to
launch
, full-text sentence (4154343) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
, full-text sentence (4154344) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
, full-text sentence (4154345) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current
threat reporting
, full-text sentence (4154346) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
specifically .
, full-text sentence (4154347) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy
had
, full-text sentence (4154348) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the
United States using
, full-text sentence (4154349) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' high explosives . ''
, full-text sentence (4154350) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item
on
, full-text sentence (4154351) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
, full-text sentence (4154352) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4154353) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
, full-text sentence (4154354) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against
Americans abroad to force
, full-text sentence (4154355) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman ,
the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
, full-text sentence (4154356) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to
blow up sites in
, full-text sentence (4154357) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
New York City .
, full-text sentence (4154358) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an
aircraft
, full-text sentence (4154359) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
or storm a U.S. embassy .
, full-text sentence (4154360) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
, full-text sentence (4154361) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an
airline hijacking to
, full-text sentence (4154362) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
, full-text sentence (4154363) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Other reporting mentioned that
, full-text sentence (4154364) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel ,
and expected to carry
, full-text sentence (4154365) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
out several more if things went well .
, full-text sentence (4154366) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
, full-text sentence (4154367) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well
as a report about a
, full-text sentence (4154368) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be
planning an attack
, full-text sentence (4154369) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
against the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154370) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Reports similar to many of these were made available to President
Bush in morning
, full-text sentence (4154371) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice
President Dick
, full-text sentence (4154372) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
, full-text sentence (4154373) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
While these briefings discussed general
, full-text sentence (4154374) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threats to attack America and American interests , the specific
threats mentioned in
, full-text sentence (4154375) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
these briefings were all overseas .
, full-text sentence (4154376) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more
the United States could
, full-text sentence (4154377) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major
terrorist attacks , ''
, full-text sentence (4154378) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
, full-text sentence (4154379) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke wrote to Rice
, full-text sentence (4154380) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur ,
as they likely will , we
, full-text sentence (4154381) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
, full-text sentence (4154382) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In May , CIA Counterterrorist
, full-text sentence (4154383) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current
threat level was a 7 on a
, full-text sentence (4154384) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
, full-text sentence (4154385) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
, full-text sentence (4154386) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Attacks
, full-text sentence (4154387) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher
peak of urgency .
, full-text sentence (4154388) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4154389) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel ,
Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
, full-text sentence (4154390) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a
possible attack on
, full-text sentence (4154391) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the G-8 summit in Genoa .
, full-text sentence (4154392) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
, full-text sentence (4154393) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on
Khalid Sheikh
, full-text sentence (4154394) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United
States to meet with
, full-text sentence (4154395) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist
attacks on Bin Ladin 's
, full-text sentence (4154396) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
behalf .
, full-text sentence (4154397) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about
intelligence
, full-text sentence (4154398) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target
over the next few
, full-text sentence (4154399) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
days .
, full-text sentence (4154400) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
, full-text sentence (4154401) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of
the terrorist threat
, full-text sentence (4154402) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and updated its worldwide public warning .
, full-text sentence (4154403) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In June , the State Department initiated
, full-text sentence (4154404) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure ,
in order to keep
, full-text sentence (4154405) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
, full-text sentence (4154406) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The program permitted
, full-text sentence (4154407) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of
directly at the
, full-text sentence (4154408) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
embassy or consulate .
, full-text sentence (4154409) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a
high probability of
, full-text sentence (4154410) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in
numerous casualties .
, full-text sentence (4154411) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Other
, full-text sentence (4154412) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent ''
and `` Bin Ladin and
, full-text sentence (4154413) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
, full-text sentence (4154414) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The latter reported multiple attacks planned
, full-text sentence (4154415) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S.
and Israeli `` interests ''
, full-text sentence (4154416) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
during the next two weeks .
, full-text sentence (4154417) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S.
Central Command raised the
, full-text sentence (4154418) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries
to the highest
, full-text sentence (4154419) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possible level , Delta .
, full-text sentence (4154420) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
, full-text sentence (4154421) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies
in the Persian Gulf
, full-text sentence (4154422) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen
was closed .
, full-text sentence (4154423) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The CSG
, full-text sentence (4154424) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to
move on four hours '
, full-text sentence (4154425) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24
hour basis . ''
, full-text sentence (4154426) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate
intelligence reports
, full-text sentence (4154427) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
, full-text sentence (4154428) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
An Arabic television station
, full-text sentence (4154429) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were
saying that the next
, full-text sentence (4154430) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and
Israeli interests will be
, full-text sentence (4154431) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
targeted .
, full-text sentence (4154432) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
, full-text sentence (4154433) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke
, full-text sentence (4154434) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a
psychological operation to
, full-text sentence (4154435) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
, full-text sentence (4154436) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The intelligence reporting
, full-text sentence (4154437) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a
calamitous level,
, full-text sentence (4154438) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and
that they would
, full-text sentence (4154439) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-
attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154440) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda
activity indicating attack
, full-text sentence (4154441) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. ''
'' A series of new reports
, full-text sentence (4154442) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense
Intelligence
, full-text sentence (4154443) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of
attacks is likely in
, full-text sentence (4154444) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
July , '' he noted .
, full-text sentence (4154445) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very ,
very,
, full-text sentence (4154446) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's
network was reportedly
, full-text sentence (4154447) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
anticipating the attack .
, full-text sentence (4154448) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
, full-text sentence (4154449) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to
push for immediate
, full-text sentence (4154450) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
disruptions of cells .
, full-text sentence (4154451) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: ''
Bin Ladin Planning
, full-text sentence (4154452) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
High-Profile Attacks . ''
, full-text sentence (4154453) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
, full-text sentence (4154454) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic
proportions .
, full-text sentence (4154455) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That
, full-text sentence (4154456) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror
alert .
, full-text sentence (4154457) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Despite evidence
, full-text sentence (4154458) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the
planning for attacks was
, full-text sentence (4154459) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
continuing .
, full-text sentence (4154460) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to
federal agencies and
, full-text sentence (4154461) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information
regarding threats
, full-text sentence (4154462) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
from Bin Ladin .
, full-text sentence (4154463) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
, full-text sentence (4154464) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad
from groups `` aligned
, full-text sentence (4154465) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
, full-text sentence (4154466) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Despite the general warnings , the message
, full-text sentence (4154467) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a
credible threat of
, full-text sentence (4154468) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
terrorist attack in the United States . ''
, full-text sentence (4154469) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
However , it went on to emphasize that the
, full-text sentence (4154470) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possibility of attack in the United States could not be
discounted .
, full-text sentence (4154471) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It also noted
, full-text sentence (4154472) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
, full-text sentence (4154473) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The report asked recipients
, full-text sentence (4154474) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious
activities '' to the FBI .
, full-text sentence (4154475) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It did
, full-text sentence (4154476) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent
attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154477) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were
launched involving 20
, full-text sentence (4154478) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
countries .
, full-text sentence (4154479) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign
governments,
, full-text sentence (4154480) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps
averting attacks
, full-text sentence (4154481) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
against two or three U.S. embassies .
, full-text sentence (4154482) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke and others told us of a particular
, full-text sentence (4154483) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
, full-text sentence (4154484) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
After it passed uneventfully,
, full-text sentence (4154485) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
, full-text sentence (4154486) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney
contacted Saudi Crown Prince
, full-text sentence (4154487) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Abdullah on July 5 .
, full-text sentence (4154488) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
, full-text sentence (4154489) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
, full-text sentence (4154490) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In late July , because of threats , Italy
, full-text sentence (4154491) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries
at the Genoa
, full-text sentence (4154492) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
, full-text sentence (4154493) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and
security officials
, full-text sentence (4154494) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
from several domestic agencies .
, full-text sentence (4154495) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
, full-text sentence (4154496) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the
Secret Service , Customs ,
, full-text sentence (4154497) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current
threat .
, full-text sentence (4154498) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Attendees report
, full-text sentence (4154499) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that they were told not to disseminate the threat information
they received at the
, full-text sentence (4154500) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
meeting .
, full-text sentence (4154501) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could
brief
, full-text sentence (4154502) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field
.
, full-text sentence (4154503) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
An NSC official
, full-text sentence (4154504) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees
were asked to take the
, full-text sentence (4154505) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can ''
with it , subject to
, full-text sentence (4154506) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
classification and distribution restrictions .
, full-text sentence (4154507) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A representative from the INS asked
, full-text sentence (4154508) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
for a summary of the information that she could share with field
offices .
, full-text sentence (4154509) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She never
, full-text sentence (4154510) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
received one .
, full-text sentence (4154511) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the
al Qaeda threat,
, full-text sentence (4154512) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
, full-text sentence (4154513) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ashcroft was told that
, full-text sentence (4154514) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already
complete and that
, full-text sentence (4154515) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
little additional warning could be expected .
, full-text sentence (4154516) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The briefing addressed only threats
, full-text sentence (4154517) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
outside the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154518) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda
members believed the
, full-text sentence (4154519) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively
different from anything they
, full-text sentence (4154520) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
had done to date .
, full-text sentence (4154521) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the
interagency committee
, full-text sentence (4154522) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
on federal building security was tasked to examine security
measures .
, full-text sentence (4154523) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This committee
, full-text sentence (4154524) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and
organizations were briefed on
, full-text sentence (4154525) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154526) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They were told that not only the
, full-text sentence (4154527) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the
East Africa
, full-text sentence (4154528) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-
returned KhobarTowers
, full-text sentence (4154529) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance
. ''
, full-text sentence (4154530) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Attendees were
, full-text sentence (4154531) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed
enhanced security
, full-text sentence (4154532) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
measures .
, full-text sentence (4154533) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the
public regarding
, full-text sentence (4154534) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
, full-text sentence (4154535) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his
periodic conference
, full-text sentence (4154536) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
, full-text sentence (4154537) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He said one of the items he
, full-text sentence (4154538) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting ,
to have evidence
, full-text sentence (4154539) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of
an attack .
, full-text sentence (4154540) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any
plots were being
, full-text sentence (4154541) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
considered within the United States or to take any action to
disrupt any such plots .
, full-text sentence (4154542) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's
plans had been delayed,
, full-text sentence (4154543) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
, full-text sentence (4154544) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 23 , the lead item for
, full-text sentence (4154545) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included
mention of suspected
, full-text sentence (4154546) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
terrorist travel to the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154547) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation
community to `` reports of
, full-text sentence (4154548) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the
Arabian Peninsula
, full-text sentence (4154549) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and/or Israel . ''
, full-text sentence (4154550) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans
to
, full-text sentence (4154551) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the ``
currently active ''
, full-text sentence (4154552) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings
'' and were able to build
, full-text sentence (4154553) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and
consumer products .
, full-text sentence (4154554) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red .
''
, full-text sentence (4154555) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
By late July , Tenet
, full-text sentence (4154556) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
, full-text sentence (4154557) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Not everyone was
, full-text sentence (4154558) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
convinced .
, full-text sentence (4154559) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
, full-text sentence (4154560) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On June 30 ,
, full-text sentence (4154561) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are
Real . ''
, full-text sentence (4154562) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Yet Hadley told
, full-text sentence (4154563) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz
questioned the
, full-text sentence (4154564) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reporting .
, full-text sentence (4154565) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
, full-text sentence (4154566) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Tenet replied that
, full-text sentence (4154567) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on
this point ; the
, full-text sentence (4154568) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reporting was convincing .
, full-text sentence (4154569) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
, full-text sentence (4154570) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a
colleague were
, full-text sentence (4154571) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
, full-text sentence (4154572) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The Calm Before the Storm
, full-text sentence (4154573) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in
intelligence about a
, full-text sentence (4154574) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
, full-text sentence (4154575) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He urged keeping readiness high during the
, full-text sentence (4154576) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an
attack had just
, full-text sentence (4154577) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
, full-text sentence (4154578) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the
increased volume of
, full-text sentence (4154579) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa
embassy bombings,
, full-text sentence (4154580) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
increased attention should be paid to security planning .
, full-text sentence (4154581) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It noted that although most
, full-text sentence (4154582) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S.
interests abroad , the
, full-text sentence (4154583) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possibility of an attack in the United States could not be
discounted .
, full-text sentence (4154584) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory
concluding that the threat
, full-text sentence (4154585) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely
.
, full-text sentence (4154586) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Citing threats in
, full-text sentence (4154587) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the
advisory suggested that al
, full-text sentence (4154588) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before
moving forward
, full-text sentence (4154589) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
with the planned attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154590) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on
several occasions asked
, full-text sentence (4154591) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United
States .
, full-text sentence (4154592) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Reflecting on
, full-text sentence (4154593) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article
summarizing its
, full-text sentence (4154594) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
understanding of this danger .
, full-text sentence (4154595) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
, full-text sentence (4154596) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate
their view that the
, full-text sentence (4154597) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both
current and
, full-text sentence (4154598) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
serious .
, full-text sentence (4154599) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily
Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
, full-text sentence (4154600) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Determined to Strike in US . ''
, full-text sentence (4154601) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
, full-text sentence (4154602) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the
possibility of an
, full-text sentence (4154603) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attack in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154604) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The President told us the August 6 report was
, full-text sentence (4154605) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
historical in nature .
, full-text sentence (4154606) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
, full-text sentence (4154607) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become
President .
, full-text sentence (4154608) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The President
, full-text sentence (4154609) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack
America .
, full-text sentence (4154610) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He recalled
, full-text sentence (4154611) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was
heartening that 70
, full-text sentence (4154612) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
investigations were under way .
, full-text sentence (4154613) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
, full-text sentence (4154614) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had
been looked into in
, full-text sentence (4154615) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
, full-text sentence (4154616) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He did not recall discussing
, full-text sentence (4154617) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had
done so .
, full-text sentence (4154618) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He said
, full-text sentence (4154619) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United
States , they would
, full-text sentence (4154620) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have moved to take care of it .
, full-text sentence (4154621) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That never happened .
, full-text sentence (4154622) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB
, it did not contain
, full-text sentence (4154623) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged
casing of buildings
, full-text sentence (4154624) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact
that the FBI had
, full-text sentence (4154625) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
, full-text sentence (4154626) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily
Brief received by
, full-text sentence (4154627) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material
is indicated by
, full-text sentence (4154628) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
brackets .
, full-text sentence (4154629) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign
government , and media
, full-text sentence (4154630) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct
terrorist attacks in
, full-text sentence (4154631) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the US .
, full-text sentence (4154632) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998
that his
, full-text sentence (4154633) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber
Ramzi Yousef and
, full-text sentence (4154634) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' bring the fighting to America . ''
, full-text sentence (4154635) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
After US missile strikes on his base in
, full-text sentence (4154636) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to
retaliate in
, full-text sentence (4154637) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
, full-text sentence (4154638) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service
at the same time
, full-text sentence (4154639) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to
the US to mount
, full-text sentence (4154640) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
a terrorist strike .
, full-text sentence (4154641) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of
Bin Ladin 's first
, full-text sentence (4154642) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
, full-text sentence (4154643) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Convicted plotter
, full-text sentence (4154644) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to
attack Los Angeles
, full-text sentence (4154645) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu
Zubaydah
, full-text sentence (4154646) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
, full-text sentence (4154647) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ressam also said that in
, full-text sentence (4154648) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
, full-text sentence (4154649) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
, full-text sentence (4154650) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US
Embassies in
, full-text sentence (4154651) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares
operations years in
, full-text sentence (4154652) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
, full-text sentence (4154653) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
, full-text sentence (4154654) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and
some members of the
, full-text sentence (4154655) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in
1997 .
, full-text sentence (4154656) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided
in or traveled
, full-text sentence (4154657) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a
support structure that
, full-text sentence (4154658) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
could aid attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154659) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
, full-text sentence (4154660) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ
member lived in
, full-text sentence (4154661) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
California in the mid- 1990s .
, full-text sentence (4154662) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
, full-text sentence (4154663) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks
.
, full-text sentence (4154664) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational
threat
, full-text sentence (4154665) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that
Bin Ladin wanted
, full-text sentence (4154666) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
, full-text sentence (4154667) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'Umar 'Abd
, full-text sentence (4154668) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
, full-text sentence (4154669) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns
of suspicious
, full-text sentence (4154670) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
activity in this country consistent with preparations for
hijackings or other
, full-text sentence (4154671) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal
buildings in New
, full-text sentence (4154672) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
York .
, full-text sentence (4154673) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations
throughout the
, full-text sentence (4154674) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
, full-text sentence (4154675) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
, full-text sentence (4154676) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin
supporters was
, full-text sentence (4154677) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in the US planning attacks with explosives .
, full-text sentence (4154678) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible
threat of a strike in
, full-text sentence (4154679) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the United States as a result of this report .
, full-text sentence (4154680) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah
was considering
, full-text sentence (4154681) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after
postponing possible
, full-text sentence (4154682) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
operations in Europe .
, full-text sentence (4154683) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
, full-text sentence (4154684) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We have found no indication of any further discussion before
September 11 among the
, full-text sentence (4154685) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of
an al Qaeda attack
, full-text sentence (4154686) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154687) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
, full-text sentence (4154688) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between
August 31 ( after the
, full-text sentence (4154689) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
, full-text sentence (4154690) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
But Tenet does not recall
, full-text sentence (4154691) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during
this period .
, full-text sentence (4154692) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of
2001 that the number
, full-text sentence (4154693) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
, full-text sentence (4154694) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Many officials told us that they
, full-text sentence (4154695) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to
stop it .
, full-text sentence (4154696) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Despite
, full-text sentence (4154697) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
their large number , the threats received contained few specifics
regarding time,
, full-text sentence (4154698) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
place , method , or target .
, full-text sentence (4154699) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
, full-text sentence (4154700) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S.
interests . ''
, full-text sentence (4154701) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We can not
, full-text sentence (4154702) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were
, related to the 9/11
, full-text sentence (4154703) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154704) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Government Response to the Threats
, full-text sentence (4154705) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the ``
nerve center '' for
, full-text sentence (4154706) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
running the crisis , although other senior officials were
involved over the course of
, full-text sentence (4154707) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the summer .
, full-text sentence (4154708) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and
weekly
, full-text sentence (4154709) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking
regularly with
, full-text sentence (4154710) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald
Rumsfeld .
, full-text sentence (4154711) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4154712) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every
day on a variety
, full-text sentence (4154713) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of topics .
, full-text sentence (4154714) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they
had the job of
, full-text sentence (4154715) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
coordinating domestic agencies .
, full-text sentence (4154716) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
, full-text sentence (4154717) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
, full-text sentence (4154718) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign
versus domestic
, full-text sentence (4154719) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threats .
, full-text sentence (4154720) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks-
enlisting
, full-text sentence (4154721) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies ,
moving military assets
, full-text sentence (4154722) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
out of the way of possible harm .
, full-text sentence (4154723) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
, full-text sentence (4154724) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained
to threats overseas .
, full-text sentence (4154725) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly
resulted in its
, full-text sentence (4154726) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
closing .
, full-text sentence (4154727) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Possible domestic threats were more vague .
, full-text sentence (4154728) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
When reports did not specify
, full-text sentence (4154729) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that
they would again be
, full-text sentence (4154730) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United
States .
, full-text sentence (4154731) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Each of the
, full-text sentence (4154732) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
FBI threat advisories made this point .
, full-text sentence (4154733) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice
that al Qaeda
, full-text sentence (4154734) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154735) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
, full-text sentence (4154736) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in
the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154737) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He
, full-text sentence (4154738) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell
involved in the millennium
, full-text sentence (4154739) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist
suspected in the East
, full-text sentence (4154740) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network
of al Qida 'sleeper
, full-text sentence (4154741) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
, full-text sentence (4154742) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
, full-text sentence (4154743) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154744) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting
but on past experience .
, full-text sentence (4154745) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign
and domestic threats .
, full-text sentence (4154746) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert
to foreign threats
, full-text sentence (4154747) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to U.S. interests there .
, full-text sentence (4154748) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
, full-text sentence (4154749) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154750) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No one was looking for
, full-text sentence (4154751) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
a foreign threat to domestic targets .
, full-text sentence (4154752) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The threat that was coming was not from
, full-text sentence (4154753) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
sleeper cells .
, full-text sentence (4154754) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
, full-text sentence (4154755) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
United States .
, full-text sentence (4154756) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic
agencies did not know
, full-text sentence (4154757) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
what to do , and no one gave them direction .
, full-text sentence (4154758) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Cressey told us that the CSG did not
, full-text sentence (4154759) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
, full-text sentence (4154760) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He noted that the agencies that
, full-text sentence (4154761) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond
; they had
, full-text sentence (4154762) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
, full-text sentence (4154763) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In contrast , the domestic
, full-text sentence (4154764) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agencies did not have a game plan .
, full-text sentence (4154765) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
, full-text sentence (4154766) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
else instructed them to create one .
, full-text sentence (4154767) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with
representatives from
, full-text sentence (4154768) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the domestic agencies .
, full-text sentence (4154769) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The briefing focused on overseas threats .
, full-text sentence (4154770) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The domestic
, full-text sentence (4154771) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address
the threat and were
, full-text sentence (4154772) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
not told what was expected of them .
, full-text sentence (4154773) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
, full-text sentence (4154774) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
, full-text sentence (4154775) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
46 The domestic
, full-text sentence (4154776) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive
a call to action .
, full-text sentence (4154777) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on
September 15, 2001 .
, full-text sentence (4154778) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic
agencies to the
, full-text sentence (4154779) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possibility of an attack in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154780) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Clarke concluded that domestic
, full-text sentence (4154781) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major
al Qaeda attack was
, full-text sentence (4154782) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
coming and could be in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154783) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives
mandating new security
, full-text sentence (4154784) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer
of 2001 increased
, full-text sentence (4154785) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
, full-text sentence (4154786) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The information circulars mostly urged
, full-text sentence (4154787) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
, full-text sentence (4154788) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
, full-text sentence (4154789) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the
increased threat to
, full-text sentence (4154790) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
civil aviation .
, full-text sentence (4154791) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings
but
, full-text sentence (4154792) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group
is currently thinking
, full-text sentence (4154793) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in that direction . ''
, full-text sentence (4154794) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The FAA conducted 27 special security
, full-text sentence (4154795) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and
September 11, 2001 .
, full-text sentence (4154796) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Two
, full-text sentence (4154797) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
, full-text sentence (4154798) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
None discussed the
, full-text sentence (4154799) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as
weapons .
, full-text sentence (4154800) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No new security
, full-text sentence (4154801) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
measures were instituted .
, full-text sentence (4154802) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S.
field offices to
, full-text sentence (4154803) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to
informants who
, full-text sentence (4154804) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
might have information about terrorist plots .
, full-text sentence (4154805) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
An NSC staff document at the time
, full-text sentence (4154806) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does
not indicate
, full-text sentence (4154807) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
, full-text sentence (4154808) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Other than the previously described
, full-text sentence (4154809) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however ,
the FBI could not
, full-text sentence (4154810) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
find any record of having received such a directive .
, full-text sentence (4154811) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The April 13 document asking
, full-text sentence (4154812) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not
mention any possible
, full-text sentence (4154813) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of
suspected
, full-text sentence (4154814) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
operatives .
, full-text sentence (4154815) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain
and did
, full-text sentence (4154816) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
not review what had been issued earlier .
, full-text sentence (4154817) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July
19 conference call,
, full-text sentence (4154818) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls
with the special
, full-text sentence (4154819) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance
review
, full-text sentence (4154820) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
discussions .
, full-text sentence (4154821) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In speaking with agents around the country , we found little
evidence
, full-text sentence (4154822) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New
York Field
, full-text sentence (4154823) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Office .
, full-text sentence (4154824) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he
had many discussions
, full-text sentence (4154825) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
, full-text sentence (4154826) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They had expected an attack on
, full-text sentence (4154827) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
July 4 .
, full-text sentence (4154828) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
, full-text sentence (4154829) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
But he told
, full-text sentence (4154830) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
, full-text sentence (4154831) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He wished he had known more .
, full-text sentence (4154832) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He wished he
, full-text sentence (4154833) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat
information instead of
, full-text sentence (4154834) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
two . ''
, full-text sentence (4154835) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by
Pickard in early July
, full-text sentence (4154836) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
about the danger .
, full-text sentence (4154837) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
, full-text sentence (4154838) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
through July , and twice in August .
, full-text sentence (4154839) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
, full-text sentence (4154840) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
, full-text sentence (4154841) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Pickard told us that
, full-text sentence (4154842) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want
to hear about the
, full-text sentence (4154843) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
threats anymore .
, full-text sentence (4154844) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
, full-text sentence (4154845) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Pickard says he continued to
, full-text sentence (4154846) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
present terrorism information during further briefings that
summer , but nothing
, full-text sentence (4154847) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
, full-text sentence (4154848) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was
intelligence about
, full-text sentence (4154849) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard
said he replied that
, full-text sentence (4154850) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in
the United States ,
, full-text sentence (4154851) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets
.
, full-text sentence (4154852) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Ashcroft said he
, full-text sentence (4154853) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
, full-text sentence (4154854) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He acknowledged that in
, full-text sentence (4154855) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
, full-text sentence (4154856) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He did not ask the FBI what it was
, full-text sentence (4154857) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any
specific action .
, full-text sentence (4154858) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He
, full-text sentence (4154859) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department
of Justice , to take
, full-text sentence (4154860) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
any specific action .
, full-text sentence (4154861) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the
threat .
, full-text sentence (4154862) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They did not
, full-text sentence (4154863) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
, full-text sentence (4154864) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The borders were not hardened .
, full-text sentence (4154865) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Transportation systems were not fortified .
, full-text sentence (4154866) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Electronic surveillance was not targeted
, full-text sentence (4154867) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
against a domestic threat .
, full-text sentence (4154868) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the
FBI 's efforts .
, full-text sentence (4154869) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4154870) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
public was not warned .
, full-text sentence (4154871) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our
government .
, full-text sentence (4154872) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4154873) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an
opportunity to disrupt
, full-text sentence (4154874) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the plot .
, full-text sentence (4154875) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
, full-text sentence (4154876) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
At least two
, full-text sentence (4154877) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in
late August .
, full-text sentence (4154878) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
, full-text sentence (4154879) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully
detected some of the
, full-text sentence (4154880) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements
of Khalid al Mihdhar
, full-text sentence (4154881) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone
they perhaps could
, full-text sentence (4154882) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less
easily identifiable
, full-text sentence (4154883) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
, full-text sentence (4154884) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
These observations occurred in December 1999
, full-text sentence (4154885) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and January 2000 .
, full-text sentence (4154886) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
, full-text sentence (4154887) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to
pick it up again .
, full-text sentence (4154888) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Nor
, full-text sentence (4154889) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist
for suspected
, full-text sentence (4154890) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might
take note if Mihdhar
, full-text sentence (4154891) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
showed up again .
, full-text sentence (4154892) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had
apparent opportunities to
, full-text sentence (4154893) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate
the search for
, full-text sentence (4154894) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
them .
, full-text sentence (4154895) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of
the Moussaoui
, full-text sentence (4154896) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
, full-text sentence (4154897) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
, full-text sentence (4154898) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok
, the FBI and the
, full-text sentence (4154899) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
, full-text sentence (4154900) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They learned of the link
, full-text sentence (4154901) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad .
''
, full-text sentence (4154902) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They also learned that
, full-text sentence (4154903) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had
helped direct the
, full-text sentence (4154904) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to
his role in the Cole
, full-text sentence (4154905) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's
investigative team in Yemen
, full-text sentence (4154906) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI /
CIA source four
, full-text sentence (4154907) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
months earlier .
, full-text sentence (4154908) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
, full-text sentence (4154909) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
, full-text sentence (4154910) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It was shown to the source , and
, full-text sentence (4154911) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad
he had
, full-text sentence (4154912) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
described .
, full-text sentence (4154913) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with
Khalid al Mihdhar , the
, full-text sentence (4154914) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al
Mihdhar might be one and
, full-text sentence (4154915) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the same .
, full-text sentence (4154916) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar
be shown to the joint
, full-text sentence (4154917) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
source who had identified Khallad .
, full-text sentence (4154918) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
, full-text sentence (4154919) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
, full-text sentence (4154920) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
One was a known photograph of
, full-text sentence (4154921) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
, full-text sentence (4154922) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The source did not
, full-text sentence (4154923) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
recognize Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4154924) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
, full-text sentence (4154925) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
individual was Khallad .
, full-text sentence (4154926) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
, full-text sentence (4154927) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It also meant that
, full-text sentence (4154928) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar
seem even more
, full-text sentence (4154929) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-
abandoned search
, full-text sentence (4154930) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
, full-text sentence (4154931) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of
this identification .
, full-text sentence (4154932) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint
Inquiry into 9/11 that
, full-text sentence (4154933) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
, full-text sentence (4154934) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
But drawing on an
, full-text sentence (4154935) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
extensive record , including documents that were not available to
the CIA personnel
, full-text sentence (4154936) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
, full-text sentence (4154937) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The FBI 's primary
, full-text sentence (4154938) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in
Kuala Lumpur with
, full-text sentence (4154939) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
, full-text sentence (4154940) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Because the FBI had not
, full-text sentence (4154941) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a
U.S. visa , it had not
, full-text sentence (4154942) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
then started looking for him in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4154943) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Because it did not know of the
, full-text sentence (4154944) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for
him in January
, full-text sentence (4154945) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
2001 .
, full-text sentence (4154946) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information
sharing can emerge
, full-text sentence (4154947) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
even when there is mutual goodwill .
, full-text sentence (4154948) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
, full-text sentence (4154949) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not
understood by the FBI
, full-text sentence (4154950) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agent on the scene overseas .
, full-text sentence (4154951) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
, full-text sentence (4154952) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the amount of time spent with the source .
, full-text sentence (4154953) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As a result , the CIA officer usually did
, full-text sentence (4154954) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague
and friend .
, full-text sentence (4154955) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent
on the scene received
, full-text sentence (4154956) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies
regarding the
, full-text sentence (4154957) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
interviews .
, full-text sentence (4154958) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational
reports,
, full-text sentence (4154959) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
which contained more detail .
, full-text sentence (4154960) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
, full-text sentence (4154961) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001
identification of
, full-text sentence (4154962) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Khallad appeared .
, full-text sentence (4154963) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification
and
, full-text sentence (4154964) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
, full-text sentence (4154965) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He might not have
, full-text sentence (4154966) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
understood the possible significance of the new identification .
, full-text sentence (4154967) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
, full-text sentence (4154968) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It is possible that if,
, full-text sentence (4154969) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed
him on the State
, full-text sentence (4154970) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the
information , he might
, full-text sentence (4154971) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new
visa in June 2001 ,
, full-text sentence (4154972) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
, full-text sentence (4154973) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
, full-text sentence (4154974) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA
official detailed to the
, full-text sentence (4154975) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered
where the attacks
, full-text sentence (4154976) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
might occur .
, full-text sentence (4154977) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We will call him `` John . ''
, full-text sentence (4154978) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
, full-text sentence (4154979) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the
CIA 's databases for
, full-text sentence (4154980) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information regarding the travel .
, full-text sentence (4154981) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
, full-text sentence (4154982) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the
information that
, full-text sentence (4154983) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles
on January 15 ,
, full-text sentence (4154984) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
2000 .
, full-text sentence (4154985) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding
them .
, full-text sentence (4154986) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' John , ''
, full-text sentence (4154987) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 20 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we
will call `` Dave , '' to
, full-text sentence (4154988) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
figure out what these cables meant .
, full-text sentence (4154989) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
, full-text sentence (4154990) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
, full-text sentence (4154991) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He concluded that `` something bad was
, full-text sentence (4154992) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
definitely up . ''
, full-text sentence (4154993) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made
no effort
, full-text sentence (4154994) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United
States .
, full-text sentence (4154995) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He did not
, full-text sentence (4154996) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
, full-text sentence (4154997) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He was focused on Malaysia .
, full-text sentence (4154998) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a ``
zone defense . ''
, full-text sentence (4154999) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He was
, full-text sentence (4155000) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
, full-text sentence (4155001) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In contrast , he told
, full-text sentence (4155002) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
, full-text sentence (4155003) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 20 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases
'' in the same sense as
, full-text sentence (4155004) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
, full-text sentence (4155005) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Thus , when the trail
, full-text sentence (4155006) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the
desk officer moved on
, full-text sentence (4155007) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to different things .
, full-text sentence (4155008) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
, full-text sentence (4155009) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer
was no longer
, full-text sentence (4155010) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
responsible for follow-up .
, full-text sentence (4155011) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
, full-text sentence (4155012) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
, full-text sentence (4155013) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who
. ''
, full-text sentence (4155014) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Had its information been
, full-text sentence (4155015) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense
and the FBI 's
, full-text sentence (4155016) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
man-to-man approach might have been productive .
, full-text sentence (4155017) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
, full-text sentence (4155018) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some
more sharing of
, full-text sentence (4155019) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we
will call `` Jane . ''
, full-text sentence (4155020) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
, full-text sentence (4155021) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She knew that another terrorist
, full-text sentence (4155022) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to
Bangkok in January 2000 to
, full-text sentence (4155023) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
give money to Khallad .
, full-text sentence (4155024) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 20 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working
together on Colerelated issues .
, full-text sentence (4155025) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some
photographs to FBI agents in New
, full-text sentence (4155026) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
, full-text sentence (4155027) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to ``
Jane '' to show to the New
, full-text sentence (4155028) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
York agents .
, full-text sentence (4155029) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was
someone
, full-text sentence (4155030) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
named Khalid al Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155031) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
, full-text sentence (4155032) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not
told that someone had
, full-text sentence (4155033) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
identified Khallad in the photographs .
, full-text sentence (4155034) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
, full-text sentence (4155035) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA
reports on the
, full-text sentence (4155036) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
planning for the meeting .
, full-text sentence (4155037) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
, full-text sentence (4155038) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information
about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
, full-text sentence (4155039) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155040) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 24 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to
the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
, full-text sentence (4155041) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole
case .
, full-text sentence (4155042) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' brought
, full-text sentence (4155043) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the surveillance pictures .
, full-text sentence (4155044) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
, full-text sentence (4155045) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of
them .
, full-text sentence (4155046) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The agents
, full-text sentence (4155047) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
, full-text sentence (4155048) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Why were these people
, full-text sentence (4155049) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
being followed ?
, full-text sentence (4155050) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Where are the rest of the photographs ?
, full-text sentence (4155051) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than
the photographs-were the
, full-text sentence (4155052) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
, full-text sentence (4155053) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
These reports , however , contained
, full-text sentence (4155054) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal
investigators without
, full-text sentence (4155055) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of
Intelligence Policy and Review
, full-text sentence (4155056) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
( OIPR ) .
, full-text sentence (4155057) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on
information from those
, full-text sentence (4155058) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
reports to the agents .
, full-text sentence (4155059) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This decision was potentially significant , because the
, full-text sentence (4155060) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a
suspected terrorist
, full-text sentence (4155061) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
facility in the Middle East .
, full-text sentence (4155062) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The agents would have established a link to the
, full-text sentence (4155063) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
, full-text sentence (4155064) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
This link would
, full-text sentence (4155065) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155066) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being
kept from obtaining
, full-text sentence (4155067) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the fruits of their own work .
, full-text sentence (4155068) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
, full-text sentence (4155069) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Lumpur meeting .
, full-text sentence (4155070) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
, full-text sentence (4155071) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
application indicated that he intended to travel to New York ,
that Hazmi had
, full-text sentence (4155072) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in
the company of
, full-text sentence (4155073) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Khallad .
, full-text sentence (4155074) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not
volunteer
, full-text sentence (4155075) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
anything .
, full-text sentence (4155076) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not
authorized to
, full-text sentence (4155077) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
, full-text sentence (4155078) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Jane '' said she assumed that if
, full-text sentence (4155079) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have
volunteered them .
, full-text sentence (4155080) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The New York
, full-text sentence (4155081) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might
have started them
, full-text sentence (4155082) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
looking for Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155083) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning
.
, full-text sentence (4155084) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He had left the
, full-text sentence (4155085) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could
endanger the entire
, full-text sentence (4155086) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to
travel to the United
, full-text sentence (4155087) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
States again .
, full-text sentence (4155088) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he
had jihadist
, full-text sentence (4155089) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
connections .
, full-text sentence (4155090) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It was just such connections that had brought him to the
attention of
, full-text sentence (4155091) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
U.S. officials .
, full-text sentence (4155092) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
, full-text sentence (4155093) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar received a new U.S.
, full-text sentence (4155094) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
, full-text sentence (4155095) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He flew to New York City on
, full-text sentence (4155096) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
July 4 .
, full-text sentence (4155097) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No one was looking for him .
, full-text sentence (4155098) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
, full-text sentence (4155099) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct
but not as part of any
, full-text sentence (4155100) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to
the CIA 's Bin Ladin
, full-text sentence (4155101) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
, full-text sentence (4155102) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She had been at the
, full-text sentence (4155103) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not
looked into the issues yet
, full-text sentence (4155104) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
herself . ''
, full-text sentence (4155105) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
, full-text sentence (4155106) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
, full-text sentence (4155107) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That day , she found the cable reporting that
, full-text sentence (4155108) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
, full-text sentence (4155109) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A week later , she found the cable reporting
, full-text sentence (4155110) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be
his first
, full-text sentence (4155111) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
application-listed New York as his destination .
, full-text sentence (4155112) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On August 21 , she located the March
, full-text sentence (4155113) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to
Los Angeles in January
, full-text sentence (4155114) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
2000 .
, full-text sentence (4155115) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
, full-text sentence (4155116) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative
at FBI headquarters .
, full-text sentence (4155117) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
On
, full-text sentence (4155118) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United
States on January
, full-text sentence (4155119) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
, full-text sentence (4155120) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
, full-text sentence (4155121) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 ,
and they assumed he
, full-text sentence (4155122) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
, full-text sentence (4155123) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
, full-text sentence (4155124) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
States , he should be found .
, full-text sentence (4155125) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They divided up the work . ''
, full-text sentence (4155126) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
, full-text sentence (4155127) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
, full-text sentence (4155128) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
, full-text sentence (4155129) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
added to this watchlist on August 24 .
, full-text sentence (4155130) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the
United States .
, full-text sentence (4155131) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As the
, full-text sentence (4155132) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York ,
she began drafting
, full-text sentence (4155133) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
, full-text sentence (4155134) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
A lead relays
, full-text sentence (4155135) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that
a particular
, full-text sentence (4155136) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
action be taken .
, full-text sentence (4155137) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on
the
, full-text sentence (4155138) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
, full-text sentence (4155139) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Her email told the New York
, full-text sentence (4155140) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible ,
but she labeled the
, full-text sentence (4155141) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving
office that it has 30
, full-text sentence (4155142) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
days to respond .
, full-text sentence (4155143) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad
supervisor .
, full-text sentence (4155144) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
That same day,
, full-text sentence (4155145) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to
open an intelligence
, full-text sentence (4155146) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI
intelligence information
, full-text sentence (4155147) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 7 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
, full-text sentence (4155148) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He also sent it to the Cole case agents
, full-text sentence (4155149) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching
for another
, full-text sentence (4155150) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
, full-text sentence (4155151) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar ,
determine his contacts
, full-text sentence (4155152) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct
an interview .
, full-text sentence (4155153) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 20 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with ``
John , '' the CIA official on
, full-text sentence (4155154) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
detail to the FBI .
, full-text sentence (4155155) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
, full-text sentence (4155156) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
unit .
, full-text sentence (4155157) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search
should be
, full-text sentence (4155158) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one
.
, full-text sentence (4155159) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It appears that no
, full-text sentence (4155160) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA
about the
, full-text sentence (4155161) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
case .
, full-text sentence (4155162) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these
terrorist suspects , was
, full-text sentence (4155163) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a
section within the
, full-text sentence (4155164) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
, full-text sentence (4155165) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and
contacted `` Jane '' to
, full-text sentence (4155166) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
obtain more information . ''
, full-text sentence (4155167) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
, full-text sentence (4155168) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
designated a `` criminal ''
, full-text sentence (4155169) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
, full-text sentence (4155170) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155171) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
In fact , she felt he had to destroy
, full-text sentence (4155172) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from
reports that included
, full-text sentence (4155173) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR
's permission .
, full-text sentence (4155174) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The
, full-text sentence (4155175) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National
Security Law Unit
, full-text sentence (4155176) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155177) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that
according to the NSLU ,
, full-text sentence (4155178) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and
that if Mihdhar was
, full-text sentence (4155179) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even
be present at any
, full-text sentence (4155180) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
interview .
, full-text sentence (4155181) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could
apply to
, full-text sentence (4155182) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 3 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
this situation .
, full-text sentence (4155183) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The FBI agent angrily responded:
, full-text sentence (4155184) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall
or not-the
, full-text sentence (4155185) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
public will not understand why we were not more effective and
throwing every
, full-text sentence (4155186) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
, full-text sentence (4155187) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 8 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
, full-text sentence (4155188) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the
biggest threat to
, full-text sentence (4155189) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
, full-text sentence (4155190) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
'' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she
claimed that they were in
, full-text sentence (4155191) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 19 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and
every office of the FBI is
, full-text sentence (4155192) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
, full-text sentence (4155193) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the
rules governing the
, full-text sentence (4155194) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels
.
, full-text sentence (4155195) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Because Mihdhar
, full-text sentence (4155196) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of
the Cole bombing , he
, full-text sentence (4155197) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal
case .
, full-text sentence (4155198) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
No new
, full-text sentence (4155199) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin
searching for Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155200) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 1 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
And
, full-text sentence (4155201) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the
criminal agent , he could
, full-text sentence (4155202) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
have conducted a search using all available information .
, full-text sentence (4155203) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
As a result of this
, full-text sentence (4155204) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al
Qaeda and experienced
, full-text sentence (4155205) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
with criminal investigative techniques , including finding
suspects and possible
, full-text sentence (4155206) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
, full-text sentence (4155207) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 16 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very
first counterterrorism
, full-text sentence (4155208) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
lead .
, full-text sentence (4155209) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open
an intelligence
, full-text sentence (4155210) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
, full-text sentence (4155211) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He started the process a
, full-text sentence (4155212) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
few days later .
, full-text sentence (4155213) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
He checked local New York databases for criminal record and
driver 's
, full-text sentence (4155214) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's
U.S. entry form .
, full-text sentence (4155215) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 18 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles
, because Mihdhar had
, full-text sentence (4155216) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 9 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
, full-text sentence (4155217) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We believe that if more resources had been applied and a
significantly different
, full-text sentence (4155218) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
, full-text sentence (4155219) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
They had used their true
, full-text sentence (4155220) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 6 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
names in the United States .
, full-text sentence (4155221) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
, full-text sentence (4155222) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 17 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches
had begun as early
, full-text sentence (4155223) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
, full-text sentence (4155224) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 15 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had been
found , there was
, full-text sentence (4155225) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 13 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the
planes .
, full-text sentence (4155226) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
We believe
, full-text sentence (4155227) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 4 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
this is incorrect .
, full-text sentence (4155228) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 10 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
, full-text sentence (4155229) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 11 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
, full-text sentence (4155230) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 2 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
Investigation or
, full-text sentence (4155231) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and
financial activities,
, full-text sentence (4155232) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 14 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants
in the 9/11 plot .
, full-text sentence (4155233) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 12 tags
[POS_tagset] PENN
[text] + [annotationSet]
The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
, full-text sentence (4155234) in chapter8_911report:
[POS] 5 tags
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opportunity did not arise .
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Phoenix Memo
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The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry
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of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
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In July 2001 , an FBI
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agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters
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on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office ,
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'' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to
send students to the
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United States to attend civil aviation schools .
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'' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest ''
attending such schools
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in Arizona .
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The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to
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aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss
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Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to
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information on persons applying to flight schools .
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His recommendations were not
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His memo was forwarded to one field office .
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Managers of the Usama Bin
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'' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
THE SUMMER OF THREAT
As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving frequent but fragmentary
reports about threats .
Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled in the summer of
2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in general is collected and
conveyed .
Information is collected through several methods , including signals
intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into intelligence
reports .
Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these reports may be
highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive and widely
disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
Threat reporting must be
disseminated , either through individual reports or through threat advisories .
Such
advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a specific threat or be
a general warning .
Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a select fraction can be
chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
During 2001 , Director of
Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding threats and other
operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the CIA through what is
known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
Each PDB consists of a series of six to
eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array of topics ; CIA
staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given day .
There were
more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to September 10 ,
2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to a broader group of
officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same subjects as the PDB .
It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and methods .
Like
their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director , and Richard Clarke , the
National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator , all received the SEIB ,
not the PDB .
Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting , but they did not
have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the National Security Agency
( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased dramatically to its
highest level since the millennium alert .
At the end of March , the intelligence
community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating a heightened threat
of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities , personnel , and other
interests .
On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly reopening Pennsylvania
Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National Security Advisor
Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use a truck bomb-their
'' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
That would result , he said , in the
destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
5 He also told her that he
thought there were terrorist cells within the United States , including al Qaeda .
The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
to locate him .
As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major figure in
the millennium plots .
Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu Zubaydah was planning an
operation in the near future .
One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought might be Israel , or
perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its field offices on
April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
It asked the offices to task all resources,
including human sources and electronic databases , for any information pertaining to
'' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism . ''
It did not suggest
that there was a domestic threat .
The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that Clarke chaired discussed
the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
The next day , a briefing to top officials
reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
When the deputies discussed al
Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the threat .
In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports to top officials that
'' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin Ladin network 's plans
advancing . ''
In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to launch
attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current threat reporting
specifically .
The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S. embassy had
warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in the United States using
'' high explosives . ''
On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item on
the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
The
anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against Americans abroad to force
the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman , the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to blow up sites in
New York City .
The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an aircraft
or storm a U.S. embassy .
This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an airline hijacking to
free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
Other reporting mentioned that
Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel , and expected to carry
out several more if things went well .
On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well as a report about a
cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be planning an attack
against the United States .
Reports similar to many of these were made available to President Bush in morning
intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice President Dick
Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
While these briefings discussed general
threats to attack America and American interests , the specific threats mentioned in
these briefings were all overseas .
On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more the United States could
do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major terrorist attacks , ''
probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities .
Clarke wrote to Rice
and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur , as they likely will , we
will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
In May , CIA Counterterrorist
Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current threat level was a 7 on a
scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium .
High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
Attacks
Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher peak of urgency .
The
summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel , Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including a possible attack on
the G-8 summit in Genoa .
A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on Khalid Sheikh
Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the United States to meet with
colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist attacks on Bin Ladin 's
behalf .
On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about intelligence
suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target over the next few
days .
DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of the terrorist threat
and updated its worldwide public warning .
In June , the State Department initiated
the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure , in order to keep
long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
The program permitted
visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of directly at the
embassy or consulate .
A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated a high probability of
near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in numerous casualties .
Other
reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent '' and `` Bin Ladin and
Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
The latter reported multiple attacks planned
over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
during the next two weeks .
On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S. Central Command raised the
force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries to the highest
possible level , Delta .
The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S. embassies in the Persian Gulf
conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen was closed .
The CSG
had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to move on four hours '
notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling 24 hour basis . ''
On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate intelligence reports
showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
An Arabic television station
reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were saying that the next
weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and Israeli interests will be
targeted .
Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape .
Clarke
wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a psychological operation to
keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
The intelligence reporting
consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a calamitous level,
indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil and that they would
consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-attacks .
On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda activity indicating attack
planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. '' '' A series of new reports
continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense Intelligence
Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series of attacks is likely in
July , '' he noted .
One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very , very,
very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin 's network was reportedly
anticipating the attack .
In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to push for immediate
disruptions of cells .
The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark: '' Bin Ladin Planning
High-Profile Attacks . ''
The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic proportions .
That
same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror alert .
Despite evidence
of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the planning for attacks was
continuing .
On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to federal agencies and
state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information regarding threats
from Bin Ladin .
It warned that there was an increased volume of threat reporting,
indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad from groups `` aligned
with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
Despite the general warnings , the message
further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a credible threat of
terrorist attack in the United States . ''
However , it went on to emphasize that the
possibility of attack in the United States could not be discounted .
It also noted
that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
The report asked recipients
to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious activities '' to the FBI .
It did
not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent attacks .
Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were launched involving 20
countries .
Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign governments,
possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps averting attacks
against two or three U.S. embassies .
Clarke and others told us of a particular
concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
After it passed uneventfully,
the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney contacted Saudi Crown Prince
Abdullah on July 5 .
Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
In late July , because of threats , Italy
closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries at the Genoa
airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended .
At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and security officials
from several domestic agencies .
On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the Secret Service , Customs ,
the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current threat .
Attendees report
that they were told not to disseminate the threat information they received at the
meeting .
They interpreted this direction to mean that although they could brief
their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field .
An NSC official
recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees were asked to take the
information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can '' with it , subject to
classification and distribution restrictions .
A representative from the INS asked
for a summary of the information that she could share with field offices .
She never
received one .
That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the al Qaeda threat,
warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
Ashcroft was told that
preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already complete and that
little additional warning could be expected .
The briefing addressed only threats
outside the United States .
The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al Qaeda members believed the
upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively different from anything they
had done to date .
Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the interagency committee
on federal building security was tasked to examine security measures .
This committee
met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and organizations were briefed on
the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
They were told that not only the
threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the East Africa
bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-returned KhobarTowers
indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance . ''
Attendees were
expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed enhanced security
measures .
On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to the public regarding
possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his periodic conference
calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
He said one of the items he
mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting , to have evidence
response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of an attack .
He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any plots were being
considered within the United States or to take any action to disrupt any such plots .
In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's plans had been delayed,
maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
On July 23 , the lead item for
CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included mention of suspected
terrorist travel to the United States .
On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation community to `` reports of
possible near-term terrorist operations . . . particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
and/or Israel . ''
It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific plans to
attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the `` currently active ''
terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings '' and were able to build
and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and consumer products .
Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red . ''
By late July , Tenet
said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
Not everyone was
convinced .
Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
On June 30 ,
the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are Real . ''
Yet Hadley told
Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz questioned the
reporting .
Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
Tenet replied that
he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on this point ; the
reporting was convincing .
To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a colleague were
considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns .
The Calm Before the Storm
On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in intelligence about a
near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
He urged keeping readiness high during the
August vacation period , warning that another report suggested an attack had just
been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the increased volume of
threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa embassy bombings,
increased attention should be paid to security planning .
It noted that although most
of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S. interests abroad , the
possibility of an attack in the United States could not be discounted .
On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory concluding that the threat
of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely .
Citing threats in
the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the advisory suggested that al
Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before moving forward
with the planned attacks .
During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on several occasions asked
his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United States .
Reflecting on
these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article summarizing its
understanding of this danger .
Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate their view that the
threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both current and
serious .
The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
Determined to Strike in US . ''
It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the possibility of an
attack in the United States .
The President told us the August 6 report was
historical in nature .
President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become President .
The President
said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack America .
He recalled
some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was heartening that 70
investigations were under way .
As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York had been looked into in
May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
He did not recall discussing
the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice had done so .
He said
that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United States , they would
have moved to take care of it .
That never happened .
Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this PDB , it did not contain
the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged casing of buildings
in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact that the FBI had
approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily Brief received by
President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material is indicated by
brackets .
Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign government , and media
reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct terrorist attacks in
the US .
Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998 that his
followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber Ramzi Yousef and
'' bring the fighting to America . ''
After US missile strikes on his base in
Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to retaliate in
Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ] service at the same time
that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access to the US to mount
a terrorist strike .
The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of Bin Ladin 's first
serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
Convicted plotter
Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to attack Los Angeles
International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu Zubaydah
encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
Ressam also said that in
1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US Embassies in
Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares operations years in
advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and some members of the
Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in 1997 .
Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided in or traveled
to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a support structure that
could aid attacks .
Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ member lived in
California in the mid- 1990s .
A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks .
We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational threat
reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying that Bin Ladin wanted
to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh ''
'Umar 'Abd
al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns of suspicious
activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings or other
types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal buildings in New
York .
The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations throughout the
US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin Ladin supporters was
in the US planning attacks with explosives .
No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible threat of a strike in
the United States as a result of this report .
Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu Zubaydah was considering
mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after postponing possible
operations in Europe .
No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
We have found no indication of any further discussion before September 11 among the
President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of an al Qaeda attack
in the United States .
DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between August 31 ( after the
President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
But Tenet does not recall
any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during this period .
Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of 2001 that the number
and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
Many officials told us that they
knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to stop it .
Despite
their large number , the threats received contained few specifics regarding time,
place , method , or target .
Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S. interests . ''
We can not
say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were , related to the 9/11
attacks .
Government Response to the Threats
National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the `` nerve center '' for
running the crisis , although other senior officials were involved over the course of
the summer .
In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and weekly
meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking regularly with
Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld .
The
foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every day on a variety
of topics .
Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel they had the job of
coordinating domestic agencies .
They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign versus domestic
threats .
Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks- enlisting
foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies , moving military assets
out of the way of possible harm .
Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
because to the extent that specifics did exist , they pertained to threats overseas .
As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly resulted in its
closing .
Possible domestic threats were more vague .
When reports did not specify
where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that they would again be
overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United States .
Each of the
FBI threat advisories made this point .
Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice that al Qaeda
sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence in the United States .
He
noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell involved in the millennium
plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist suspected in the East
Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive network of al Qida 'sleeper
agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting but on past experience .
The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign and domestic threats .
The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert to foreign threats
to U.S. interests there .
The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
No one was looking for
a foreign threat to domestic targets .
The threat that was coming was not from
sleeper cells .
It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
United States .
A second cause of this disparity in response is that domestic agencies did not know
what to do , and no one gave them direction .
Cressey told us that the CSG did not
tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
He noted that the agencies that
were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond ; they had
experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
In contrast , the domestic
agencies did not have a game plan .
Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
else instructed them to create one .
This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with representatives from
the domestic agencies .
The briefing focused on overseas threats .
The domestic
agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address the threat and were
not told what was expected of them .
Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
46 The domestic
agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not perceive a call to action .
Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on September 15, 2001 .
He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic agencies to the
possibility of an attack in the United States .
Clarke concluded that domestic
agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a major al Qaeda attack was
coming and could be in the United States .
Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives mandating new security
procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer of 2001 increased
security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
The information circulars mostly urged
air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the increased threat to
civil aviation .
The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings but
said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any group is currently thinking
in that direction . ''
The FAA conducted 27 special security
briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and September 11, 2001 .
Two
of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
None discussed the
possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as weapons .
No new security
measures were instituted .
Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56 U.S. field offices to
increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to informants who
might have information about terrorist plots .
An NSC staff document at the time
describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but does not indicate
whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
Other than the previously described
April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however , the FBI could not
find any record of having received such a directive .
The April 13 document asking
field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not mention any possible
threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of suspected
operatives .
The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should contain and did
not review what had been issued earlier .
Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his July 19 conference call,
he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls with the special
agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance review
discussions .
In speaking with agents around the country , we found little evidence
that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the New York Field
Office .
The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he had many discussions
about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
They had expected an attack on
July 4 .
Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen .
But he told
us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
He wished he had known more .
He wished he
had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat information instead of
two . ''
Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by Pickard in early July
about the danger .
Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
through July , and twice in August .
There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation .
Pickard told us that
after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not want to hear about the
threats anymore .
Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
Pickard says he continued to
present terrorism information during further briefings that summer , but nothing
further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving .
The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was intelligence about
attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no . Pickard said he replied that
he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in the United States ,
although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets .
Ashcroft said he
therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
He acknowledged that in
retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
He did not ask the FBI what it was
doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any specific action .
He
also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department of Justice , to take
any specific action .
In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the threat .
They did not
have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
The borders were not hardened .
Transportation systems were not fortified .
Electronic surveillance was not targeted
against a domestic threat .
State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the FBI 's efforts .
The
public was not warned .
The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our government .
The
question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an opportunity to disrupt
the plot .
As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
At least two
such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in late August .
LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully detected some of the
early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements of Khalid al Mihdhar
and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone they perhaps could
have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less easily identifiable
people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
These observations occurred in December 1999
and January 2000 .
The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to pick it up again .
Nor
had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist for suspected
terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry might take note if Mihdhar
showed up again .
On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had apparent opportunities to
refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate the search for
them .
After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of the Moussaoui
case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok , the FBI and the
CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
They learned of the link
between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad . ''
They also learned that
Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had helped direct the
bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to his role in the Cole
bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's investigative team in Yemen
realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint FBI / CIA source four
months earlier .
The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
It was shown to the source , and
he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same Khallad he had
described .
In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with Khalid al Mihdhar , the
CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al Mihdhar might be one and
the same .
The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of Mihdhar be shown to the joint
source who had identified Khallad .
In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
One was a known photograph of
Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
The source did not
recognize Mihdhar .
But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
individual was Khallad .
This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people .
It also meant that
there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar seem even more
suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-abandoned search
for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of this identification .
DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint Inquiry into 9/11 that
the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
But drawing on an
extensive record , including documents that were not available to the CIA personnel
who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case .
The FBI 's primary
Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in Kuala Lumpur with
Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
Because the FBI had not
been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a U.S. visa , it had not
then started looking for him in the United States .
Because it did not know of the
links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for him in January
2001 .
This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in information sharing can emerge
even when there is mutual goodwill .
The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not understood by the FBI
agent on the scene overseas .
Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
the amount of time spent with the source .
As a result , the CIA officer usually did
not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague and friend .
For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent on the scene received
copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other agencies regarding the
interviews .
But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational reports,
which contained more detail .
It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001 identification of
Khallad appeared .
The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification and
thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague .
He might not have
understood the possible significance of the new identification .
In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
It is possible that if,
in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed him on the State
Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the information , he might
have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a new visa in June 2001 ,
or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA official detailed to the
International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered where the attacks
might occur .
We will call him `` John . ''
Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the CIA 's databases for
information regarding the travel .
On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the information that
Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los Angeles on January 15 ,
2000 .
The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding them .
'' John , ''
however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we will call `` Dave , '' to
figure out what these cables meant .
'' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
He concluded that `` something bad was
definitely up . ''
Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made no effort
to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United States .
He did not
raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
He was focused on Malaysia .
'' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a `` zone defense . ''
He was
worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
In contrast , he told
us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases '' in the same sense as
an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end .
Thus , when the trail
went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the desk officer moved on
to different things .
By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer was no longer
responsible for follow-up .
While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken .
The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who . ''
Had its information been
shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense and the FBI 's
man-to-man approach might have been productive .
June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
'' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off some more sharing of
information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we will call `` Jane . ''
'' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
She knew that another terrorist
involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to Bangkok in January 2000 to
give money to Khallad .
'' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working together on Colerelated issues .
Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some photographs to FBI agents in New
York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso .
'' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to `` Jane '' to show to the New
York agents .
She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs was someone
named Khalid al Mihdhar .
She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not told that someone had
identified Khallad in the photographs .
When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA reports on the
planning for the meeting .
Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
'' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole case .
'' Jane '' brought
the surveillance pictures .
At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of them .
The agents
asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
Why were these people
being followed ?
Where are the rest of the photographs ?
The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than the photographs-were the
NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
These reports , however , contained
caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal investigators without
the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of Intelligence Policy and Review
( OIPR ) .
Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on information from those
reports to the agents .
This decision was potentially significant , because the
signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a suspected terrorist
facility in the Middle East .
The agents would have established a link to the
suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case .
This link would
have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar .
The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were being kept from obtaining
the fruits of their own work .
'' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
Lumpur meeting .
He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
application indicated that he intended to travel to New York , that Hazmi had
traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar in the company of
Khallad .
No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not volunteer
anything .
He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not authorized to
answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
Jane '' said she assumed that if
'' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have volunteered them .
The New York
agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might have started them
looking for Mihdhar .
Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational planning .
He had left the
United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could endanger the entire
plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to travel to the United
States again .
And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he had jihadist
connections .
It was just such connections that had brought him to the attention of
U.S. officials .
Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
Mihdhar received a new U.S.
visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
He flew to New York City on
July 4 .
No one was looking for him .
August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct but not as part of any
formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to the CIA 's Bin Ladin
unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time .
She had been at the
New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not looked into the issues yet
herself . ''
John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
'' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
That day , she found the cable reporting that
Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
A week later , she found the cable reporting
that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be his first
application-listed New York as his destination .
On August 21 , she located the March
2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had flown to Los Angeles in January
2000 .
She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
'' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative at FBI headquarters .
On
August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the United States on January
15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
'' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 , and they assumed he
had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
States , he should be found .
They divided up the work . ''
Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
added to this watchlist on August 24 .
'' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the United States .
As the
information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New York , she began drafting
what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office .
A lead relays
information from one part of the FBI to another and requests that a particular
action be taken .
She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on the
matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
Her email told the New York
agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible , but she labeled the
lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving office that it has 30
days to respond .
The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad supervisor .
That same day,
the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to open an intelligence
case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI intelligence information
from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
He also sent it to the Cole case agents
and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching for another
Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar , determine his contacts
and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct an interview .
Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with `` John , '' the CIA official on
detail to the FBI .
She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin Ladin
unit .
The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search should be
classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one .
It appears that no
one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA about the
case .
There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these terrorist suspects , was
substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a section within the
Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and contacted `` Jane '' to
obtain more information . ''
Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
designated a `` criminal ''
FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
In fact , she felt he had to destroy
his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from reports that included
caveats ordering that the information not be shared without OIPR 's permission .
The
agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's National Security Law Unit
( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar .
'' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining that according to the NSLU ,
the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and that if Mihdhar was
found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even be present at any
interview .
She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could apply to
this situation .
The FBI agent angrily responded:
Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall or not-the
public will not understand why we were not more effective and throwing every
resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the biggest threat to
us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
'' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she claimed that they were in
the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and every office of the FBI is
required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the rules governing the
sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels .
Because Mihdhar
was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of the Cole bombing , he
could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal case .
No new
criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin searching for Mihdhar .
And
as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the criminal agent , he could
have conducted a search using all available information .
As a result of this
confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al Qaeda and experienced
with criminal investigative techniques , including finding suspects and possible
criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very first counterterrorism
lead .
Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open an intelligence
case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
He started the process a
few days later .
He checked local New York databases for criminal record and driver 's
license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's U.S. entry form .
Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles , because Mihdhar had
initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
We believe that if more resources had been applied and a significantly different
approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
They had used their true
names in the United States .
Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches had begun as early
as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had been found , there was
nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the planes .
We believe
this is incorrect .
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
Investigation or
interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and financial activities,
could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants in the 9/11 plot .
The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan .
In any case , the
opportunity did not arise .
Phoenix Memo
The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry and the Department
of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
In July 2001 , an FBI
agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI headquarters and to two agents
on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office , advising of the
'' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to send students to the
United States to attend civil aviation schools .
The agent based his theory on the
'' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest '' attending such schools
in Arizona .
The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to compile a list of civil
aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss his theories about
Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to obtain visa
information on persons applying to flight schools .
His recommendations were not
acted on .
His memo was forwarded to one field office .
Managers of the Usama Bin
Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI headquarters were addressees,
but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .
No managers at
headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York Field Office took no
action .
As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an alert about suicide
pilots .
His worry was more about a Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which explosives
were placed on an aircraft .
The memo 's references to aviation training were broad,
including aeronautical engineering .
If the memo had been distributed in a timely fashion and its recommendations acted on
promptly , we do not believe it would have uncovered the plot .
It might well,
however , have sensitized the FBI so that it might have taken the Moussaoui matter
more seriously the next month .
Zacarias Moussaoui
On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated an intelligence
investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .
As mentioned in chapter 7 , he had entered the
United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at Airman Flight School
in Norman , Oklahoma .
He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .
He had none of the usual
qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's Boeing 747 flight simulators .
He said
he did not intend to become a commercial pilot but wanted the training as an `` ego
boosting thing . ''
Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying , he
wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a Boeing 747 .
The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that Moussaoui possessed jihadist beliefs .
Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a bank account but did not provide a plausible
explanation for this sum of money .
He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in Pakistan ( Pakistan was
the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .
He planned to receive
martial arts training , and intended to purchase a global positioning receiver .
The
agent also noted that Moussaoui became extremely agitated whenever he was questioned
regarding his religious beliefs .
The agent concluded that Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical fundamentalist
goals . ''
He also believed Moussaoui 's plan was related to his flight training .
Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a missed opportunity .
An apparently
unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI .
As discussed in
chapter 7 , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received money from Ramzi
Binalshibh .
If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should instantly
have arisen about a possible al Qaeda plot that involved piloting airliners , a
possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the intelligence community .
The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS representative on the
Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that Moussaoui might be planning to
hijack a plane .
Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should be
arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional information .
Because it was
not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case agent decided the most
important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any further training that he
could use to carry out a potential attack .
As a French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui could be detained
immediately .
The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .
A deportation
order was signed on August 17, 2001 .
The agents in Minnesota were concerned that the U.S. Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
would find insufficient probable cause of a crime to obtain a criminal warrant to
search Moussaoui 's laptop computer .
Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient probable cause .
Minneapolis therefore sought a special warrant under the Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in chapter 3 ) .
To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause that Moussaoui was an
agent of a foreign power , a demonstration that was not required to obtain a criminal
warrant but was a statutory requirement for a FISA warrant .
The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect Moussaoui to a `` foreign
power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and overseas .
The FBI agent 's August 18 message requested assistance from the FBI legal attach� in
Paris .
Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought assistance
from the legal attach� there as well .
By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
contacted an FBI detailee and a CIA desk officer at the Counterterrorist Center
about the case .
The FBI legal attach� 's office in Paris first contacted the French government on
August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case agent on the
telephone .
On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made a
connection between Moussaoui and a rebel leader in Chechnya , Ibn al Khattab .
This
set off a spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office , FBI headquarters,
and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were sufficiently
associated with a terrorist organization to constitute a `` foreign power '' for
purposes of the FISA statute .
FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a FISA application .
After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal attach� in London had
promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British government , hand-delivering
the request on August 21 .
On August 24 , the CIA also sent a cable to London and
Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight training '' that described
Moussaoui as a possible `` suicide hijacker . ''
On August 28 , the CIA sent a request for
information to a different service of the British government ; this communication
warned that Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end of August .
The FBI
office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials as an aside , after
a meeting about a more urgent matter on September 3 , and sent the British service a
written update on September 5 .
The case was not handled by the British as a priority
amid a large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .
On September 4 , the FBI sent a teletype to the CIA , the FAA , the Customs Service , the
State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing the known facts
regarding Moussaoui .
It did not report the case agent 's personal assessment that
Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .
It did contain the FAA 's comment that it
was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training schools in the
United States .
Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the beginning about
Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that it could not share the more
complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .
The Minneapolis supervisor
sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in what he thought
were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .
No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .
There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and FBI headquarters as
to what Moussaoui was planning to do .
In one conversation between a Minneapolis
supervisor and a headquarters agent , the latter complained that Minneapolis 's FISA
request was couched in a manner intended to get people `` spun up . ''
The supervisor
replied that was precisely his intent .
He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
taking a plane and crashing into the World Trade Center . ''
The headquarters agent
replied that this was not going to happen and that they did not know if Moussaoui
was a terrorist .
There is no evidence that either FBI Acting Director Pickard or Assistant Director
for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui case prior to 9/11 .
Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau 's
InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled being told about
Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the context that he might
be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about how headquarters was
handling the matter .
He never received such a call .
Although the acting special
agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to discuss the Moussaoui
case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at FBI headquarters and
call Rolince .
On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in a briefing titled
'' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly . ''
Tenet was also told
that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a 747 , paid for his training in cash , was
interested to learn the doors do not open in flight , and wanted to fly a simulated
flight from London to New York .
He was told that the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
because of a visa overstay and that the CIA was working the case with the FBI .
Tenet
told us that no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at the time .
Seeing it as
an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the White House or the
FBI .
No connection was made between Moussaoui 's presence in the United States and
the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .
On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London renewed their appeal for
information about Moussaoui .
In response to U.S. requests , the British government
supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .
The British government
informed us that it also immediately tasked intelligence collection facilities for
information about Moussaoui .
On September 13 , the British government received new,
sensitive intelligence that Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda training camp in
Afghanistan .
It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day .
Had
this information been available in late August 2001 , the Moussaoui case would almost
certainly have received intense , high-level attention .
The FBI also learned after 9/11 that the millennium terrorist Ressam , who by 2001 was
cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone who had been in the
Afghan camps .
As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis had failed to persuade
supervisors at headquarters that there was enough evidence to seek a FISA warrant to
search Moussaoui 's computer hard drive and belongings .
Either the British
information or the Ressam identification would have broken the logjam .
A maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could have unearthed his
connections to Binalshibh .
Those connections might have brought investigators to the
core of the 9/11 plot .
The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
though it was not an easy trail to find .
Discovering it would have required quick
and very substantial cooperation from the German government , which might well have
been difficult to obtain .
However , publicity about Moussaoui 's arrest and a possible
hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the search for Mihdhar
and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led to a breakthrough
that would have disrupted the plot .
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Another late opportunity was presented by a confluence of information regarding
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in the summer of 2001 .
The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual only later identified
as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .
Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not the case before
9/11 .
KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the Manila air
plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist , associated with Ramzi
Yousef .
Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not recognized
at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small Islamic Extremist Branch
of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .
Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became targeted for arrest .
In
1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a Renditions Branch to help find wanted
fugitives .
Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which gave the CIA
a `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .
When subsequent information
came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had the job of following
up on what the information might mean .
For example , in September 2000 , a source had reported that an individual named Khalid
al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a key lieutenant in al Qaeda .
Al- Ballushi means `` from
Baluchistan , '' and KSM is from Baluchistan .
Recognizing the possible significance of
this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information .
When no information
was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .
When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and summer of 2001 , they
were not put together .
The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing information associated with a
person known as `` Mukhtar '' that the CIA had begun analyzing in April 2001 .
The CIA
did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that he associated with al Qaeda
lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that , based on the nature of the information , he was
evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .
The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information regarding KSM .
On June
12, 2001 , a CIA report said that `` Khaled '' was actively recruiting people to travel
outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where colleagues were reportedly
already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-related activities for
Bin Ladin .
CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting that this
person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
In July , the same source was shown a series of
photographs and identified a photograph of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed as the Khaled he
had previously discussed .
The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit on August 28 in a
cable reporting that KSM 's nickname was Mukhtar .
No one made the connection to the
reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .
This connection might
also have underscored concern about the June reporting that KSM was recruiting
terrorists to travel , including to the United States .
Only after 9/11 would it be
discovered that Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a phone that was used by
Binalshibh , and that Binalshibh had used the same phone to communicate with
Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7 .
As in the Moussaoui situation already
described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy trail to find and
would have required substantial cooperation from the German government .
But time was
short , and running out .
Time Runs Out
As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the summer of 2001 .
Officials
were alerted across the world .
Many were doing everything they possibly could to
respond to the threats .
Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001 connected the case in
his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior officials and being briefed
to the President .
Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities .
As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the bigger picture ; no
analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the thundercloud to the
ground .
We see little evidence that the progress of the plot was disturbed by any government
action .
The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by al Qaeda .
Time ran out .
In [27]:
for s in docs[0]['sentence']:
print(s.annotationSet)
[POS annotation set (6653358) PENN in sentence 4154255:
'' THE SYSTEM WAS BLINKING RED"
-- --- ------ --- -------- ----
'' dt NP NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653359) PENN in sentence 4154256:
THE SUMMER OF THREAT
--- ------ -- ------
dt NP in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653360) PENN in sentence 4154257:
As 2001 began , counterterrorism officials were receiving
-- ---- ----- - ---------------- --------- ---- ---------
in cd VVD , nn nns VBD VVG
frequent but fragmentary
-------- --- -----------
jj cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653361) PENN in sentence 4154258:
reports about threats .
------- ----- ------- -
nns in nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653362) PENN in sentence 4154259:
Indeed , there appeared to be possible threats almost
------ - ----- -------- -- -- -------- ------- ------
rb , ex VVD to vb jj nns rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653363) PENN in sentence 4154260:
everywhere the United States had interests-including at home .
---------- --- ------ ------ --- ------------------- -- ---- -
rb dt NP NP VHD VVG in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653364) PENN in sentence 4154261:
To understand how the escalation in threat reporting was handled
-- ---------- --- --- ---------- -- ------ --------- --- -------
to VV wrb dt nn in nn nn VBD VVN
in the summer of
-- --- ------ --
in dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653365) PENN in sentence 4154262:
2001 , it is useful to understand how threat information in
---- - -- -- ------ -- ---------- --- ------ ----------- --
cd , PP VBZ jj to VV wrb nn nn in
general is collected and
------- -- --------- ---
nn VBZ VVN cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653366) PENN in sentence 4154263:
conveyed .
-------- -
VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653367) PENN in sentence 4154264:
Information is collected through several methods , including
----------- -- --------- ------- ------- ------- - ---------
nn VBZ VVN in jj nns , VVG
signals
-------
nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653368) PENN in sentence 4154265:
intelligence and interviews of human sources , and gathered into
------------ --- ---------- -- ----- ------- - --- -------- ----
nn cc nns in jj nns , cc VVD in
intelligence
------------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653369) PENN in sentence 4154266:
reports .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653370) PENN in sentence 4154267:
Depending on the source and nature of the reporting , these
--------- -- --- ------ --- ------ -- --- --------- - -----
VVG in dt nn cc nn in dt nn , dt
reports may be
------- --- --
nns md vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653371) PENN in sentence 4154268:
highly classified-and therefore tightly held-or less sensitive
------ -------------- --------- ------- ------- ---- ---------
rb nn rb rb jj cc jj
and widely
--- ------
cc rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653372) PENN in sentence 4154269:
disseminated to state and local law enforcement agencies .
------------ -- ----- --- ----- --- ----------- -------- -
VVN to nn cc jj nn nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653373) PENN in sentence 4154270:
Threat reporting must be
------ --------- ---- --
nn nn md vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653374) PENN in sentence 4154271:
disseminated , either through individual reports or through
------------ - ------ ------- ---------- ------- -- -------
VVN , cc in jj nns cc in
threat advisories .
------ ---------- -
nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653375) PENN in sentence 4154272:
Such
----
jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653376) PENN in sentence 4154273:
advisories , intended to alert their recipients , may address a
---------- - -------- -- ----- ----- ---------- - --- ------- -
nns , VVN to VV PP$ nns , md VV dt
specific threat or be
-------- ------ -- --
jj nn cc vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653377) PENN in sentence 4154274:
a general warning .
- ------- ------- -
dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653378) PENN in sentence 4154275:
Because the amount of reporting is so voluminous , only a
------- --- ------ -- --------- -- -- ---------- - ---- -
in dt nn in nn VBZ rb jj , rb dt
select fraction can be
------ -------- --- --
jj nn md vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653379) PENN in sentence 4154276:
chosen for briefing the president and senior officials .
------ --- -------- --- --------- --- ------ --------- -
VVN in nn dt nn cc jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653380) PENN in sentence 4154277:
During 2001 , Director of
------ ---- - -------- --
in cd , NP in
]
[POS annotation set (6653381) PENN in sentence 4154278:
Central Intelligence GeorgeTenet was briefed regularly regarding
------- ------------ ----------- --- ------- --------- ---------
NP NP NP VBD VVN rb VVG
threats and other
------- --- -----
nns cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653382) PENN in sentence 4154279:
operational information relating to Usama Bin Ladin .
----------- ----------- -------- -- ----- --- ----- -
jj nn VVG to NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653383) PENN in sentence 4154280:
He in turn met daily with President Bush , who was briefed by the
-- -- ---- --- ----- ---- --------- ---- - --- --- ------- -- ---
PP rb VV VVN rb in NP NP , wp VBD VVN in dt
CIA through what is
--- ------- ---- --
NP in wp VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6653384) PENN in sentence 4154281:
known as the President 's Daily Brief ( PDB ) .
----- -- --- --------- -- ----- ----- - --- - -
VVN in dt NP POS NP NP ( NP ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653385) PENN in sentence 4154282:
Each PDB consists of a series of six to
---- --- -------- -- - ------ -- --- --
dt NP VVZ in dt nn in cd to
]
[POS annotation set (6653386) PENN in sentence 4154283:
eight relatively short articles or briefs covering a broad array
----- ---------- ----- -------- -- ------ -------- - ----- -----
cd rb jj nns cc nns VVG dt jj nn
of topics ; CIA
-- ------ - ---
in nns : NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653387) PENN in sentence 4154284:
staff decides which subjects are the most important on any given
----- ------- ----- -------- --- --- ---- --------- -- --- -----
nn VVZ wdt nns vbp dt rbs jj in dt VVN
day .
--- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653388) PENN in sentence 4154285:
There were
----- ----
ex VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653389) PENN in sentence 4154286:
more than 40 intelligence articles in the PDBs from January 20 to
---- ---- -- ------------ -------- -- --- ---- ---- ------- -- --
jjr in cd nn nns in dt NP in NP cd to
September 10 ,
--------- -- -
NP cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653390) PENN in sentence 4154287:
2001 , that related to Bin Ladin .
---- - ---- ------- -- --- ----- -
cd , wdt VVN to NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653391) PENN in sentence 4154288:
The PDB is considered highly sensitive and is
--- --- -- ---------- ------ --------- --- --
dt NP VBZ VVN rb jj cc VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6653392) PENN in sentence 4154289:
distributed to only a handful of high-level officials .
----------- -- ---- - ------- -- ---------- --------- -
VVN to rb dt nn in jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653393) PENN in sentence 4154290:
The Senior Executive Intelligence Brief ( SEIB ) , distributed to
--- ------ --------- ------------ ----- - ---- - - ----------- --
dt NP NP NP NP ( NP ) , VVN to
a broader group of
- ------- ----- --
dt jjr nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653394) PENN in sentence 4154291:
officials , has a similar format and generally covers the same
--------- - --- - ------- ------ --- --------- ------ --- ----
nns , VHZ dt jj nn cc rb VVZ dt jj
subjects as the PDB .
-------- -- --- --- -
nns in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653395) PENN in sentence 4154292:
It usually contains less information so as to protect sources and
-- ------- -------- ---- ----------- -- -- -- ------- ------- ---
PP rb VVZ jjr nn rb rb to VV nns cc
methods .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653396) PENN in sentence 4154293:
Like
----
in
]
[POS annotation set (6653397) PENN in sentence 4154294:
their predecessors , the Attorney General , the FBI Director ,
----- ------------ - --- -------- ------- - --- --- -------- -
PP$ nns , dt NP NP , dt NP NP ,
and Richard Clarke , the
--- ------- ------ - ---
cc NP NP , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653398) PENN in sentence 4154295:
National Security Council ( NSC ) counterterrorism coordinator ,
-------- -------- ------- - --- - ---------------- ----------- -
NP NP NP ( NP ) nn nn ,
all received the SEIB ,
--- -------- --- ---- -
rb VVD dt NP ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653399) PENN in sentence 4154296:
not the PDB .
--- --- --- -
rb dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653400) PENN in sentence 4154297:
Clarke and his staff had extensive access to terrorism reporting
------ --- --- ----- --- --------- ------ -- --------- ---------
NP cc PP$ nn VHD jj nn to nn nn
, but they did not
- --- ---- --- ---
, cc PP VVD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653401) PENN in sentence 4154298:
have access to internal , nondisseminated information at the
---- ------ -- -------- - --------------- ----------- -- ---
VHP nn to jj , jj nn in dt
National Security Agency
-------- -------- ------
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653402) PENN in sentence 4154299:
( NSA ) , CIA , or FBI .
- --- - - --- - -- --- -
( NP ) , NP , cc NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653403) PENN in sentence 4154300:
The Drumbeat Begins In the spring of 2001 , the level of
--- -------- ------ -- --- ------ -- ---- - --- ----- --
dt NP NP in dt nn in cd , dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653404) PENN in sentence 4154301:
reporting on terrorist threats and planned attacks increased
--------- -- --------- ------- --- ------- ------- ---------
VVG in jj nns cc jj nns VVD
dramatically to its
------------ -- ---
rb to PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653405) PENN in sentence 4154302:
highest level since the millennium alert .
------- ----- ----- --- ---------- ----- -
jjs nn in dt nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653406) PENN in sentence 4154303:
At the end of March , the intelligence
-- --- --- -- ----- - --- ------------
in dt nn in NP , dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653407) PENN in sentence 4154304:
community disseminated a terrorist threat advisory , indicating
--------- ------------ - --------- ------ -------- - ----------
nn VVN dt jj nn nn , VVG
a heightened threat
- ---------- ------
dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653408) PENN in sentence 4154305:
of Sunni extremist terrorist attacks against U.S. facilities ,
-- ----- --------- --------- ------- ------- ---- ---------- -
in NP nn jj nns in NP nns ,
personnel , and other
--------- - --- -----
nns , cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653409) PENN in sentence 4154306:
interests .
--------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653410) PENN in sentence 4154307:
On March 23 , in connection with discussions about possibly
-- ----- -- - -- ---------- ---- ----------- ----- --------
in NP cd , in nn in nns in rb
reopening Pennsylvania
--------- ------------
VVG NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653411) PENN in sentence 4154308:
Avenue in front of the White House , Clarke warned National
------ -- ----- -- --- ----- ----- - ------ ------ --------
NP in nn in dt NP NP , NP VVD NP
Security Advisor
-------- -------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653412) PENN in sentence 4154309:
Condoleezza Rice that domestic or foreign terrorists might use
----------- ---- ---- -------- -- ------- ---------- ----- ---
NP NP IN/that jj cc jj nns md VV
a truck bomb-their
- ----- ----------
dt nn nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653413) PENN in sentence 4154310:
'' weapon of choice '' -on Pennsylvania Avenue .
-- ------ -- ------ -- --- ------------ ------ -
'' nn in nn '' NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653414) PENN in sentence 4154311:
That would result , he said , in the
---- ----- ------ - -- ---- - -- ---
dt md VV , PP VVD , in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653415) PENN in sentence 4154312:
destruction of the West Wing and parts of the residence .
----------- -- --- ---- ---- --- ----- -- --- --------- -
nn in dt NP NP cc nns in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653416) PENN in sentence 4154313:
5 He also told her that he
- -- ---- ---- --- ---- --
ls PP rb VVD PP IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653417) PENN in sentence 4154314:
thought there were terrorist cells within the United States ,
------- ----- ---- --------- ----- ------ --- ------ ------ -
VVD ex VBD jj nns in dt NP NPS ,
including al Qaeda .
--------- -- ----- -
VVG NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653418) PENN in sentence 4154315:
The next week , Rice was briefed on the activities of Abu
--- ---- ---- - ---- --- ------- -- --- ---------- -- ---
dt jj nn , NP VBD VVN in dt nns in NP
Zubaydah and on CIA efforts
-------- --- -- --- -------
NP cc in NP nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653419) PENN in sentence 4154316:
to locate him .
-- ------ --- -
to VV PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653420) PENN in sentence 4154317:
As pointed out in chapter 6 , Abu Zubaydah had been a major
-- ------- --- -- ------- - - --- -------- --- ---- - -----
in VVN rp in nn cd , NP NP VHD VBN dt jj
figure in
------ --
nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653421) PENN in sentence 4154318:
the millennium plots .
--- ---------- ----- -
dt nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653422) PENN in sentence 4154319:
Over the next few weeks , the CIA repeatedly issued
---- --- ---- --- ----- - --- --- ---------- ------
in dt jj jj nns , dt NP rb VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653423) PENN in sentence 4154320:
warnings-including calls from DCI Tenet to Clarke -that Abu
------------------ ----- ---- --- ----- -- ------ ----- ---
VVG nns in NP NP to NP NP NP
Zubaydah was planning an
-------- --- -------- --
NP VBD VVG dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653424) PENN in sentence 4154321:
operation in the near future .
--------- -- --- ---- ------ -
nn in dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653425) PENN in sentence 4154322:
One report cited a source indicating that Abu Zubaydah
--- ------ ----- - ------ ---------- ---- --- --------
cd nn VVD dt nn VVG IN/that NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653426) PENN in sentence 4154323:
was planning an attack in a country that CIA analysts thought
--- -------- -- ------ -- - ------- ---- --- -------- -------
VBD VVG dt nn in dt nn IN/that NP nns VVD
might be Israel , or
----- -- ------ - --
md vb NP , cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653427) PENN in sentence 4154324:
perhaps Saudi Arabia or India .
------- ----- ------ -- ----- -
rb NP NP cc NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653428) PENN in sentence 4154325:
Clarke relayed these reports to Rice .
------ ------- ----- ------- -- ---- -
NP VVD dt nns to NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653429) PENN in sentence 4154326:
In response to these threats , the FBI sent a message to all its
-- -------- -- ----- ------- - --- --- ---- - ------- -- --- ---
in nn to dt nns , dt NP VVD dt nn to dt PP$
field offices on
----- ------- --
nn nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653430) PENN in sentence 4154327:
April 13 , summarizing reporting to date .
----- -- - ----------- --------- -- ---- -
NP cd , VVG VVG to nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653431) PENN in sentence 4154328:
It asked the offices to task all resources,
-- ----- --- ------- -- ---- --- ----------
PP VVD dt nns to nn dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653432) PENN in sentence 4154329:
including human sources and electronic databases , for any
--------- ----- ------- --- ---------- --------- - --- ---
VVG jj nns cc jj nns , in dt
information pertaining to
----------- ---------- --
nn VVG to
]
[POS annotation set (6653433) PENN in sentence 4154330:
'' current operational activities relating to Sunni extremism
-- ------- ----------- ---------- -------- -- ----- ---------
'' jj jj nns VVG to NP nn
. ''
- --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653434) PENN in sentence 4154331:
It did not suggest
-- --- --- -------
PP VVD rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653435) PENN in sentence 4154332:
that there was a domestic threat .
---- ----- --- - -------- ------ -
IN/that ex VBD dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653436) PENN in sentence 4154333:
The interagency Counterterrorism Security Group ( CSG ) that
--- ----------- ---------------- -------- ----- - --- - ----
dt nn nn NP NP ( NP ) IN/that
Clarke chaired discussed
------ ------- ---------
NP VVD VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653437) PENN in sentence 4154334:
the Abu Zubaydah reports on April 19 .
--- --- -------- ------- -- ----- -- -
dt NP NP nns in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653438) PENN in sentence 4154335:
The next day , a briefing to top officials
--- ---- --- - - -------- -- --- ---------
dt jj nn , dt nn to jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653439) PENN in sentence 4154336:
reported `` Bin Ladin planning multiple operations . ''
-------- -- --- ----- -------- -------- ---------- - --
VVN `` NP NP VVG jj nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653440) PENN in sentence 4154337:
When the deputies discussed al
---- --- -------- --------- --
wrb dt nns VVD NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653441) PENN in sentence 4154338:
Qaeda policy on April 30 , they began with a briefing on the
----- ------ -- ----- -- - ---- ----- ---- - -------- -- ---
NP nn in NP cd , PP VVD in dt nn in dt
threat .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653442) PENN in sentence 4154339:
In May 2001 , the drumbeat of reporting grew louder with reports
-- --- ---- - --- -------- -- --------- ---- ------ ---- -------
in NP cd , dt nn in nn VVD rbr in nns
to top officials that
-- --- --------- ----
to jj nns wdt
]
[POS annotation set (6653443) PENN in sentence 4154340:
'' Bin Ladin public profile may presage attack '' and `` Bin
-- --- ----- ------ ------- --- ------- ------ -- --- -- ---
'' NP NP jj nn md VV nn '' cc `` NP
Ladin network 's plans
----- ------- -- -----
NP nn POS nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653444) PENN in sentence 4154341:
advancing . ''
--------- - --
VVG sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653445) PENN in sentence 4154342:
In early May , a walk-in to the FBI claimed there was a plan to
-- ----- --- - - ------- -- --- --- ------- ----- --- - ---- --
in jj NP , dt jj to dt NP VVD ex VBD dt nn to
launch
------
VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653446) PENN in sentence 4154343:
attacks on London , Boston , and New York .
------- -- ------ - ------ - --- --- ---- -
nns in NP , NP , cc NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653447) PENN in sentence 4154344:
Attorney General John Ashcroft was briefed
-------- ------- ---- -------- --- -------
NP NP NP NP VBD VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653448) PENN in sentence 4154345:
by the CIA on May 15 regarding al Qaeda generally and the current
-- --- --- -- --- -- --------- -- ----- --------- --- --- -------
in dt NP in NP cd VVG NP NP rb cc dt jj
threat reporting
------ ---------
nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653449) PENN in sentence 4154346:
specifically .
------------ -
rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653450) PENN in sentence 4154347:
The next day brought a report that a phone call to a U.S.
--- ---- --- ------- - ------ ---- - ----- ---- -- - ----
dt jj nn VVD dt nn IN/that dt nn nn to dt NP
embassy had
------- ---
nn VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653451) PENN in sentence 4154348:
warned that Bin Ladin supporters were planning an attack in
------ ---- --- ----- ---------- ---- -------- -- ------ --
VVD IN/that NP NP nns VBD VVG dt nn in
the United States using
--- ------ ------ -----
dt NP NPS VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653452) PENN in sentence 4154349:
'' high explosives . ''
-- ---- ---------- - --
'' jj nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653453) PENN in sentence 4154350:
On May 17 , based on the previous day 's report , the first item
-- --- -- - ----- -- --- -------- --- -- ------ - --- ----- ----
in NP cd , VVN in dt jj nn POS nn , dt jj nn
on
--
in
]
[POS annotation set (6653454) PENN in sentence 4154351:
the CSG 's agenda was `` UBL : Operation Planned in U.S. ''
--- --- -- ------ --- -- --- - --------- ------- -- ---- --
dt NP POS nn VBD `` NP : nn NP in NP ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653455) PENN in sentence 4154352:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653456) PENN in sentence 4154353:
anonymous caller 's tip could not be corroborated .
--------- ------ -- --- ----- --- -- ------------ -
jj nn POS nn md rb vb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653457) PENN in sentence 4154354:
Late May brought reports of a possible hostage plot against
---- --- ------- ------- -- - -------- ------- ---- -------
rb NP VVD nns in dt jj nn nn in
Americans abroad to force
--------- ------ -- -----
NPS rb to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653458) PENN in sentence 4154355:
the release of prisoners , including Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman ,
--- ------- -- --------- - --------- ------ ---- ----- ------ -
dt nn in nns , VVG NP NP NP NP ,
the `` Blind Sheikh , ''
--- -- ----- ------ - --
dt `` NP NP , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653459) PENN in sentence 4154356:
who was serving a life sentence for his role in the 1993 plot to
--- --- ------- - ---- -------- --- --- ---- -- --- ---- ---- --
wp VBD VVG dt nn nn in PP$ nn in dt cd nn to
blow up sites in
---- -- ----- --
VV rp nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653460) PENN in sentence 4154357:
New York City .
--- ---- ---- -
NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653461) PENN in sentence 4154358:
The reporting noted that operatives might opt to hijack an
--- --------- ----- ---- ---------- ----- --- -- ------ --
dt nn VVD IN/that nns md VV to VV dt
aircraft
--------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653462) PENN in sentence 4154359:
or storm a U.S. embassy .
-- ----- - ---- ------- -
cc nn dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653463) PENN in sentence 4154360:
This report led to a Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA )
---- ------ --- -- - ------- -------- -------------- - --- -
dt nn VVD to dt NP NP NP ( NP )
]
[POS annotation set (6653464) PENN in sentence 4154361:
information circular to airlines noting the potential for `` an
----------- -------- -- -------- ------ --- --------- --- -- --
nn jj to nns VVG dt nn in `` dt
airline hijacking to
------- --------- --
nn VVG to
]
[POS annotation set (6653465) PENN in sentence 4154362:
free terrorists incarcerated in the United States . ''
---- ---------- ------------ -- --- ------ ------ - --
jj nns VVN in dt NP NPS sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653466) PENN in sentence 4154363:
Other reporting mentioned that
----- --------- --------- ----
jj nn VVD IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653467) PENN in sentence 4154364:
Abu Zubaydah was planning an attack , possibly against Israel ,
--- -------- --- -------- -- ------ - -------- ------- ------ -
NP NP VBD VVG dt nn , rb in NP ,
and expected to carry
--- -------- -- -----
cc VVN to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653468) PENN in sentence 4154365:
out several more if things went well .
--- ------- ---- -- ------ ---- ---- -
in jj jjr in nns VVD rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653469) PENN in sentence 4154366:
On May 24 alone , counterterrorism officials
-- --- -- ----- - ---------------- ---------
in NP cd rb , nn nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653470) PENN in sentence 4154367:
grappled with reports alleging plots in Yemen and Italy , as well
-------- ---- ------- -------- ----- -- ----- --- ----- - -- ----
VVD in nns VVG nns in NP cc NP , rb rb
as a report about a
-- - ------ ----- -
in dt nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653471) PENN in sentence 4154368:
cell in Canada that an anonymous caller had claimed might be
---- -- ------ ---- -- --------- ------ --- ------- ----- --
nn in NP IN/that dt jj nn VHD VVN md vb
planning an attack
-------- -- ------
VVG dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653472) PENN in sentence 4154369:
against the United States .
------- --- ------ ------ -
in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653473) PENN in sentence 4154370:
Reports similar to many of these were made available to President
------- ------- -- ---- -- ----- ---- ---- --------- -- ---------
nns jj to jj in dt VBD VVN jj to NP
Bush in morning
---- -- -------
NP in nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653474) PENN in sentence 4154371:
intelligence briefings with DCI Tenet , usually attended by Vice
------------ --------- ---- --- ----- - ------- -------- -- ----
nn nns in NP NP , rb VVD in NP
President Dick
--------- ----
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653475) PENN in sentence 4154372:
Cheney and National Security Advisor Rice .
------ --- -------- -------- ------- ---- -
NP cc NP NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653476) PENN in sentence 4154373:
While these briefings discussed general
----- ----- --------- --------- -------
in dt nns VVD jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653477) PENN in sentence 4154374:
threats to attack America and American interests , the specific
------- -- ------ ------- --- -------- --------- - --- --------
nns to VV NP cc jj nns , dt jj
threats mentioned in
------- --------- --
nns VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6653478) PENN in sentence 4154375:
these briefings were all overseas .
----- --------- ---- --- -------- -
dt nns VBD rb jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653479) PENN in sentence 4154376:
On May 29 , Clarke suggested that Rice ask DCI Tenet what more
-- --- -- - ------ --------- ---- ---- --- --- ----- ---- ----
in NP cd , NP VVD IN/that NP VV NP NP wp rbr
the United States could
--- ------ ------ -----
dt NP NPS md
]
[POS annotation set (6653480) PENN in sentence 4154377:
do to stop Abu Zubaydah from launching '' a series of major
-- -- ---- --- -------- ---- --------- -- - ------ -- -----
VVP to VV NP NP in VVG '' dt nn in jj
terrorist attacks , ''
--------- ------- - --
jj nns , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653481) PENN in sentence 4154378:
probably on Israeli targets , but possibly on U.S. facilities
-------- -- ------- ------- - --- -------- -- ---- ----------
rb in jj nns , cc rb in NP nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653482) PENN in sentence 4154379:
Clarke wrote to Rice
------ ----- -- ----
NP VVD to NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653483) PENN in sentence 4154380:
and her deputy , Stephen Hadley , `` When these attacks occur ,
--- --- ------ - ------- ------ - -- ---- ----- ------- ----- -
cc PP$ nn , NP NP , `` wrb dt nns VVP ,
as they likely will , we
-- ---- ------ ---- - --
in PP rb md , PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653484) PENN in sentence 4154381:
will wonder what more we could have done to stop them . ''
---- ------ ---- ---- -- ----- ---- ---- -- ---- ---- - --
md VV wp rbr PP md VH VVN to VV PP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653485) PENN in sentence 4154382:
In May , CIA Counterterrorist
-- --- - --- ----------------
in NP , NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653486) PENN in sentence 4154383:
Center ( CTC ) Chief Cofer Black told Rice that the current
------ - --- - ----- ----- ----- ---- ---- ---- --- -------
NP ( NP ) NP NP NP VVD NP IN/that dt jj
threat level was a 7 on a
------ ----- --- - - -- -
nn nn VBD dt cd in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653487) PENN in sentence 4154384:
scale of 1 to 10 , as compared to an 8 during the millennium
----- -- - -- -- - -- -------- -- -- - ------ --- ----------
nn in cd to cd , rb VVN to dt cd in dt nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653488) PENN in sentence 4154385:
High Probability of Near-Term `` Spectacular ''
---- ----------- -- --------- -- ----------- --
jj nn in jj `` jj ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653489) PENN in sentence 4154386:
Attacks
-------
nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653490) PENN in sentence 4154387:
Threat reports surged in June and July , reaching an even higher
------ ------- ------ -- ---- --- ---- - -------- -- ---- ------
nn nns VVD in NP cc NP , VVG dt rb jjr
peak of urgency .
---- -- ------- -
nn in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653491) PENN in sentence 4154388:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653492) PENN in sentence 4154389:
summer threats seemed to be focused on Saudi Arabia , Israel ,
------ ------- ------ -- -- ------- -- ----- ------ - ------ -
nn nns VVD to vb VVN in NP NP , NP ,
Bahrain , Kuwait , Yemen ,
------- - ------ - ----- -
NP , NP , NP ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653493) PENN in sentence 4154390:
and possibly Rome , but the danger could be anywhere- including
--- -------- ---- - --- --- ------ ----- -- --------- ---------
cc rb NP , cc dt nn md vb nn VVG
a possible attack on
- -------- ------ --
dt jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653494) PENN in sentence 4154391:
the G-8 summit in Genoa .
--- --- ------ -- ----- -
dt NP nn in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653495) PENN in sentence 4154392:
A June 12 CIA report passing along biographical background
- ---- -- --- ------ ------- ----- ------------ ----------
dt NP cd NP nn VVG in jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653496) PENN in sentence 4154393:
information on several terrorists mentioned , in commenting on
----------- -- ------- ---------- --------- - -- ---------- --
nn in jj nns VVN , in VVG in
Khalid Sheikh
------ ------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653497) PENN in sentence 4154394:
Mohammed , that he was recruiting people to travel to the
-------- - ---- -- --- ---------- ------ -- ------ -- ---
NP , IN/that PP VBD VVG nns to VV to dt
United States to meet with
------ ------ -- ---- ----
NP NPS to VV in
]
[POS annotation set (6653498) PENN in sentence 4154395:
colleagues already there so that they might conduct terrorist
---------- ------- ----- -- ---- ---- ----- ------- ---------
nns rb rb rb IN/that PP md VV jj
attacks on Bin Ladin 's
------- -- --- ----- --
nns in NP NP POS
]
[POS annotation set (6653499) PENN in sentence 4154396:
behalf .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653500) PENN in sentence 4154397:
On June 22 , the CIA notified all its station chiefs about
-- ---- -- - --- --- -------- --- --- ------- ------ -----
in NP cd , dt NP VVD pdt PP$ nn nns in
intelligence
------------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653501) PENN in sentence 4154398:
suggesting a possible al Qaeda suicide attack on a U.S. target
---------- - -------- -- ----- ------- ------ -- - ---- ------
VVG dt jj NP NP nn nn in dt NP nn
over the next few
---- --- ---- ---
in dt jj jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653502) PENN in sentence 4154399:
days .
---- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653503) PENN in sentence 4154400:
DCITenet asked that all U.S. ambassadors be briefed .
-------- ----- ---- --- ---- ----------- -- ------- -
NP VVD IN/that dt NP nns vb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653504) PENN in sentence 4154401:
That same day , the State Department notified all embassies of
---- ---- --- - --- ----- ---------- -------- --- --------- --
dt jj nn , dt NP NP VVD dt nns in
the terrorist threat
--- --------- ------
dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653505) PENN in sentence 4154402:
and updated its worldwide public warning .
--- ------- --- --------- ------ ------- -
cc VVN PP$ jj jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653506) PENN in sentence 4154403:
In June , the State Department initiated
-- ---- - --- ----- ---------- ---------
in NP , dt NP NP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653507) PENN in sentence 4154404:
the Visa Express program in Saudi Arabia as a security measure ,
--- ---- ------- ------- -- ----- ------ -- - -------- ------- -
dt NP NP nn in NP NP in dt nn nn ,
in order to keep
-- ----- -- ----
in nn to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653508) PENN in sentence 4154405:
long lines of foreigners away from vulnerable embassy spaces .
---- ----- -- ---------- ---- ---- ---------- ------- ------ -
jj nns in nns rb in jj nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653509) PENN in sentence 4154406:
The program permitted
--- ------- ---------
dt nn VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653510) PENN in sentence 4154407:
visa applications to be made through travel agencies , instead of
---- ------------ -- -- ---- ------- ------ -------- - ------- --
nn nns to vb VVN in nn nns , rb in
directly at the
-------- -- ---
rb in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653511) PENN in sentence 4154408:
embassy or consulate .
------- -- --------- -
nn cc nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653512) PENN in sentence 4154409:
A terrorist threat advisory distributed in late June indicated
- --------- ------ -------- ----------- -- ---- ---- ---------
dt jj nn nn VVN in jj NP VVD
a high probability of
- ---- ----------- --
dt jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653513) PENN in sentence 4154410:
near-term `` spectacular '' terrorist attacks resulting in
--------- -- ----------- -- --------- ------- --------- --
jj `` jj '' jj nns VVG in
numerous casualties .
-------- ---------- -
jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653514) PENN in sentence 4154411:
Other
-----
jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653515) PENN in sentence 4154412:
reports ' titles warned , '' Bin Ladin Attacks May be Imminent
------- - ------ ------ - -- --- ----- ------- --- -- --------
nns POS nns VVD , '' NP NP NP md vb jj
'' and `` Bin Ladin and
-- --- -- --- ----- ---
'' cc `` NP NP cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653516) PENN in sentence 4154413:
Associates Making Near-Term Threats . ''
---------- ------ --------- ------- - --
nns VVG NP NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653517) PENN in sentence 4154414:
The latter reported multiple attacks planned
--- ------ -------- -------- ------- -------
dt nn VVD jj nns VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653518) PENN in sentence 4154415:
over the coming days , including a `` severe blow '' against
---- --- ------ ---- - --------- - -- ------ ---- -- -------
in dt VVG nns , VVG dt `` jj nn '' in
U.S. and Israeli `` interests ''
---- --- ------- -- --------- --
NP cc jj `` nns ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653519) PENN in sentence 4154416:
during the next two weeks .
------ --- ---- --- ----- -
in dt jj cd nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653520) PENN in sentence 4154417:
On June 21 , near the height of the threat reporting , U.S.
-- ---- -- - ---- --- ------ -- --- ------ --------- - ----
in NP cd , in dt nn in dt nn nn , NP
Central Command raised the
------- ------- ------ ---
NP NP VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653521) PENN in sentence 4154418:
force protection condition level for U.S. troops in six countries
----- ---------- --------- ----- --- ---- ------ -- --- ---------
nn nn nn nn in NP nns in cd nns
to the highest
-- --- -------
to dt jjs
]
[POS annotation set (6653522) PENN in sentence 4154419:
possible level , Delta .
-------- ----- - ----- -
jj nn , NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653523) PENN in sentence 4154420:
The U.S. Fifth Fleet moved out of its port in Bahrain , and a
--- ---- ----- ----- ----- --- -- --- ---- -- ------- - --- -
dt NP NP NP VVD rp in PP$ nn in NP , cc dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653524) PENN in sentence 4154421:
U.S. Marine Corps exercise in Jordan was halted . U.S.
---- ------ ----- -------- -- ------ --- ------ - ----
NP NP NP nn in NP VBD VVN sent NP
embassies in the Persian Gulf
--------- -- --- ------- ----
nns in dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653525) PENN in sentence 4154422:
conducted an emergency security review , and the embassy in Yemen
--------- -- --------- -------- ------ - --- --- ------- -- -----
VVN dt nn nn nn , cc dt nn in NP
was closed .
--- ------ -
VBD VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653526) PENN in sentence 4154423:
The CSG
--- ---
dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653527) PENN in sentence 4154424:
had foreign emergency response teams , known as FESTs , ready to
--- ------- --------- -------- ----- - ----- -- ----- - ----- --
VHD jj nn nn nns , VVN in NP , jj to
move on four hours '
---- -- ---- ----- -
VV in cd nns POS
]
[POS annotation set (6653528) PENN in sentence 4154425:
notice and kept up the terrorism alert posture on a `` rolling
------ --- ---- -- --- --------- ----- ------- -- - -- -------
nn cc VVD rp dt nn jj nn in dt `` jj
24 hour basis . ''
-- ---- ----- - --
cd nn nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653529) PENN in sentence 4154426:
On June 25 , Clarke warned Rice and Hadley that six separate
-- ---- -- - ------ ------ ---- --- ------ ---- --- --------
in NP cd , NP VVD NP cc NP IN/that cd jj
intelligence reports
------------ -------
nn nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653530) PENN in sentence 4154427:
showed al Qaeda personnel warning of a pending attack .
------ -- ----- --------- ------- -- - ------- ------ -
VVD NP NP nns VVG in dt VVG nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653531) PENN in sentence 4154428:
An Arabic television station
-- ------ ---------- -------
dt NP nn nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653532) PENN in sentence 4154429:
reported Bin Ladin 's pleasure with al Qaeda leaders who were
-------- --- ----- -- -------- ---- -- ----- ------- --- ----
VVD NP NP POS nn in NP NP nns wp VBD
saying that the next
------ ---- --- ----
VVG IN/that dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653533) PENN in sentence 4154430:
weeks `` will witness important surprises '' and that U.S. and
----- -- ---- ------- --------- --------- -- --- ---- ---- ---
nns `` md VV jj nns '' cc IN/that NP cc
Israeli interests will be
------- --------- ---- --
jj nns md vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653534) PENN in sentence 4154431:
targeted .
-------- -
VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653535) PENN in sentence 4154432:
Al Qaeda also released a new recruitment and fund-raising tape
-- ----- ---- -------- - --- ----------- --- ------------ ----
NP NP rb VVD dt jj nn cc jj nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653536) PENN in sentence 4154433:
Clarke
------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653537) PENN in sentence 4154434:
wrote that this was all too sophisticated to be merely a
----- ---- ---- --- --- --- ------------- -- -- ------ -
VVD IN/that dt VBD dt rb jj to vb rb dt
psychological operation to
------------- --------- --
jj nn to
]
[POS annotation set (6653538) PENN in sentence 4154435:
keep the United States on edge , and the CIA agreed .
---- --- ------ ------ -- ---- - --- --- --- ------ -
VV dt NP NPS in nn , cc dt NP VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653539) PENN in sentence 4154436:
The intelligence reporting
--- ------------ ---------
dt nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653540) PENN in sentence 4154437:
consistently described the upcoming attacks as occurring on a
------------ --------- --- -------- ------- -- --------- -- -
rb VVN dt jj nns in VVG in dt
calamitous level,
---------- ------
jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653541) PENN in sentence 4154438:
indicating that they would cause the world to be in turmoil
---------- ---- ---- ----- ----- --- ----- -- -- -- -------
VVG IN/that PP md VV dt nn to vb in nn
and that they would
--- ---- ---- -----
cc IN/that PP md
]
[POS annotation set (6653542) PENN in sentence 4154439:
consist of possible multiple-but not necessarily simultaneous-
------- -- -------- ------------ --- ----------- -------------
VV in jj nn rb rb nns
attacks .
------- -
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653543) PENN in sentence 4154440:
On June 28 , Clarke wrote Rice that the pattern of al Qaeda
-- ---- -- - ------ ----- ---- ---- --- ------- -- -- -----
in NP cd , NP VVD NP IN/that dt nn in NP NP
activity indicating attack
-------- ---------- ------
nn VVG nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653544) PENN in sentence 4154441:
planning over the past six weeks `` had reached a crescendo. ''
-------- ---- --- ---- --- ----- -- --- ------- - ---------- --
VVG in dt jj cd nns `` VHD VVN dt nn ''
'' A series of new reports
-- - ------ -- --- -------
'' dt nn in jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653545) PENN in sentence 4154442:
continue to convince me and analysts at State, CIA , DIA [Defense
-------- -- -------- -- --- -------- -- ------ --- - --- --------
VV to VV PP cc nns in NP NP , NP NP
Intelligence
------------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653546) PENN in sentence 4154443:
Agency ] , and NSA that a major terrorist attack or series
------ - - --- --- ---- - ----- --------- ------ -- ------
nn sym , cc NP IN/that dt jj jj nn cc nn
of attacks is likely in
-- ------- -- ------ --
in nns VBZ jj in
]
[POS annotation set (6653547) PENN in sentence 4154444:
July , '' he noted .
---- - -- -- ----- -
NP , '' PP VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653548) PENN in sentence 4154445:
One al Qaeda intelligence report warned that something `` very
--- -- ----- ------------ ------ ------ ---- --------- -- ----
cd NP NP nn nn VVD IN/that nn `` rb
, very,
- -----
, NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653549) PENN in sentence 4154446:
very , very '' big was about to happen , and most of Bin Ladin
---- - ---- -- --- --- ----- -- ------ - --- ---- -- --- -----
rb , jj '' jj VBD rb to VV , cc jjs in NP NP
's network was reportedly
-- ------- --- ----------
POS nn VBD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653550) PENN in sentence 4154447:
anticipating the attack .
------------ --- ------ -
VVG dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653551) PENN in sentence 4154448:
In late June , the CIA ordered all its station chiefs to
-- ---- ---- - --- --- ------- --- --- ------- ------ --
in jj NP , dt NP VVD pdt PP$ nn nns to
]
[POS annotation set (6653552) PENN in sentence 4154449:
share information on al Qaeda with their host governments and to
----- ----------- -- -- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----------- --- --
nn nn in NP NP in PP$ nn nns cc to
push for immediate
---- --- ---------
VV in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653553) PENN in sentence 4154450:
disruptions of cells .
----------- -- ----- -
nns in nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653554) PENN in sentence 4154451:
The headline of a June 30 briefing to top officials was stark:
--- -------- -- - ---- -- -------- -- --- --------- --- ------
dt nn in dt NP cd nn to jj nns VBD jj
'' Bin Ladin Planning
-- --- ----- --------
'' NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653555) PENN in sentence 4154452:
High-Profile Attacks . ''
------------ ------- - --
jj nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653556) PENN in sentence 4154453:
The report stated that Bin Ladin operatives expected
--- ------ ------ ---- --- ----- ---------- --------
dt nn VVD IN/that NP NP nns VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653557) PENN in sentence 4154454:
near-term attacks to have dramatic consequences of catastrophic
--------- ------- -- ---- -------- ------------ -- ------------
jj nns to VH jj nns in jj
proportions .
----------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653558) PENN in sentence 4154455:
That
----
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653559) PENN in sentence 4154456:
same day , Saudi Arabia declared its highest level of terror
---- --- - ----- ------ -------- --- ------- ----- -- ------
jj nn , NP NP VVD PP$ jjs nn in nn
alert .
----- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653560) PENN in sentence 4154457:
Despite evidence
------- --------
in nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653561) PENN in sentence 4154458:
of delays possibly caused by heightened U.S. security , the
-- ------ -------- ------ -- ---------- ---- -------- - ---
in nns rb VVN in jj NP nn , dt
planning for attacks was
-------- --- ------- ---
nn in nns VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653562) PENN in sentence 4154459:
continuing .
---------- -
VVG sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653563) PENN in sentence 4154460:
On July 2 , the FBI Counterterrorism Division sent a message to
-- ---- - - --- --- ---------------- -------- ---- - ------- --
in NP cd , dt NP NP NP VVD dt nn to
federal agencies and
------- -------- ---
jj nns cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653564) PENN in sentence 4154461:
state and local law enforcement agencies summarizing information
----- --- ----- --- ----------- -------- ----------- -----------
nn cc jj nn nn nns VVG nn
regarding threats
--------- -------
VVG nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653565) PENN in sentence 4154462:
from Bin Ladin .
---- --- ----- -
in NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653566) PENN in sentence 4154463:
It warned that there was an increased volume of threat
-- ------ ---- ----- --- -- --------- ------ -- ------
PP VVD IN/that ex VBD dt VVN nn in nn
reporting,
----------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653567) PENN in sentence 4154464:
indicating a potential for attacks against U.S. targets abroad
---------- - --------- --- ------- ------- ---- ------- ------
VVG dt nn in nns in NP nns rb
from groups `` aligned
---- ------ -- -------
in nns `` VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653568) PENN in sentence 4154465:
with or sympathetic to Usama Bin Ladin . ''
---- -- ----------- -- ----- --- ----- - --
in cc jj to NP NP NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653569) PENN in sentence 4154466:
Despite the general warnings , the message
------- --- ------- -------- - --- -------
in dt jj nns , dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653570) PENN in sentence 4154467:
further stated , `` The FBI has no information indicating a
------- ------ - -- --- --- --- -- ----------- ---------- -
rbr VVD , `` dt NP VHZ dt nn VVG dt
credible threat of
-------- ------ --
jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653571) PENN in sentence 4154468:
terrorist attack in the United States . ''
--------- ------ -- --- ------ ------ - --
jj nn in dt NP NPS sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653572) PENN in sentence 4154469:
However , it went on to emphasize that the
------- - -- ---- -- -- --------- ---- ---
rb , PP VVD rp to VV IN/that dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653573) PENN in sentence 4154470:
possibility of attack in the United States could not be
----------- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ ----- --- --
nn in nn in dt NP NPS md rb vb
discounted .
---------- -
VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653574) PENN in sentence 4154471:
It also noted
-- ---- -----
PP rb VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653575) PENN in sentence 4154472:
that the July 4 holiday might heighten the threats .
---- --- ---- - ------- ----- -------- --- ------- -
IN/that dt NP cd nn md VV dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653576) PENN in sentence 4154473:
The report asked recipients
--- ------ ----- ----------
dt nn VVD nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653577) PENN in sentence 4154474:
to '' exercise extreme vigilance '' and `` report suspicious
-- -- -------- ------- --------- -- --- -- ------ ----------
to '' VVP jj nn '' cc `` VV jj
activities '' to the FBI .
---------- -- -- --- --- -
nns '' to dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653578) PENN in sentence 4154475:
It did
-- ---
PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653579) PENN in sentence 4154476:
not suggest specific actions that they should take to prevent
--- ------- -------- ------- ---- ---- ------ ---- -- -------
rb VVP jj nns IN/that PP md VV to VV
attacks .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653580) PENN in sentence 4154477:
Disruption operations against al Qaeda -affiliated cells were
---------- ---------- ------- -- ----- ----------- ----- ----
nn nns in NP NP VVD nns VBD
launched involving 20
-------- --------- --
VVN VVG cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653581) PENN in sentence 4154478:
countries .
--------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653582) PENN in sentence 4154479:
Several terrorist operatives were detained by foreign
------- --------- ---------- ---- -------- -- -------
jj jj nns VBD VVN in jj
governments,
------------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653583) PENN in sentence 4154480:
possibly disrupting operations in the Gulf and Italy and perhaps
-------- ---------- ---------- -- --- ---- --- ----- --- -------
rb VVG nns in dt NP cc NP cc rb
averting attacks
-------- -------
VVG nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653584) PENN in sentence 4154481:
against two or three U.S. embassies .
------- --- -- ----- ---- --------- -
in cd cc cd NP nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653585) PENN in sentence 4154482:
Clarke and others told us of a particular
------ --- ------ ---- -- -- - ----------
NP cc nns VVD PP in dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653586) PENN in sentence 4154483:
concern about possible attacks on the Fourth of July .
------- ----- -------- ------- -- --- ------ -- ---- -
nn in jj nns in dt jj in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653587) PENN in sentence 4154484:
After it passed uneventfully,
----- -- ------ -------------
in PP VVD NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653588) PENN in sentence 4154485:
the CSG decided to maintain the alert .
--- --- ------- -- -------- --- ----- -
dt NP VVD to VV dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653589) PENN in sentence 4154486:
To enlist more international help , Vice President Cheney
-- ------ ---- ------------- ---- - ---- --------- ------
to VV rbr jj nn , NP NP NP
contacted Saudi Crown Prince
--------- ----- ----- ------
VVD NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653590) PENN in sentence 4154487:
Abdullah on July 5 .
-------- -- ---- - -
NP in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653591) PENN in sentence 4154488:
Hadley apparently called European counterparts , while Clarke
------ ---------- ------ -------- ------------ - ----- ------
NP rb VVD jj nns , in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653592) PENN in sentence 4154489:
worked with senior officials in the Gulf .
------ ---- ------ --------- -- --- ---- -
VVN in jj nns in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653593) PENN in sentence 4154490:
In late July , because of threats , Italy
-- ---- ---- - ------- -- ------- - -----
in jj NP , in in nns , NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653594) PENN in sentence 4154491:
closed the airspace over Genoa and mounted antiaircraft batteries
------ --- -------- ---- ----- --- ------- ------------ ---------
VVD dt nn in NP cc VVD nn nns
at the Genoa
-- --- -----
in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653595) PENN in sentence 4154492:
airport during the G-8 summit , which President Bush attended
------- ------ --- --- ------ - ----- --------- ---- --------
nn in dt NP nn , wdt NP NP VVD
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653596) PENN in sentence 4154493:
At home , the CSG arranged for the CIA to brief intelligence and
-- ---- - --- --- -------- --- --- --- -- ----- ------------ ---
in nn , dt NP VVD in dt NP to VV nn cc
security officials
-------- ---------
nn nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653597) PENN in sentence 4154494:
from several domestic agencies .
---- ------- -------- -------- -
in jj jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653598) PENN in sentence 4154495:
On July 5 , representatives from the Immigration and
-- ---- - - --------------- ---- --- ----------- ---
in NP cd , nns in dt nn cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653599) PENN in sentence 4154496:
Naturalization Service ( INS ) , the FAA , the Coast Guard , the
-------------- ------- - --- - - --- --- - --- ----- ----- - ---
nn NP ( NP ) , dt NP , dt NP NP , dt
Secret Service , Customs ,
------ ------- - ------- -
NP NP , NP ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653600) PENN in sentence 4154497:
the CIA , and the FBI met with Clarke to discuss the current
--- --- - --- --- --- --- ---- ------ -- ------- --- -------
dt NP , cc dt NP VVD in NP to VV dt jj
threat .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653601) PENN in sentence 4154498:
Attendees report
--------- ------
nns VVP
]
[POS annotation set (6653602) PENN in sentence 4154499:
that they were told not to disseminate the threat information
---- ---- ---- ---- --- -- ----------- --- ------ -----------
IN/that PP VBD VVN rb to VV dt nn nn
they received at the
---- -------- -- ---
PP VVD in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653603) PENN in sentence 4154500:
meeting .
------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653604) PENN in sentence 4154501:
They interpreted this direction to mean that although they
---- ----------- ---- --------- -- ---- ---- -------- ----
PP VVD dt nn to VV IN/that in PP
could brief
----- -----
md VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653605) PENN in sentence 4154502:
their superiors , they could not send out advisories to the field
----- --------- - ---- ----- --- ---- --- ---------- -- --- -----
PP$ nns , PP md rb VV rp nns to dt nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653606) PENN in sentence 4154503:
An NSC official
-- --- --------
dt NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653607) PENN in sentence 4154504:
recalls a somewhat different emphasis , saying that attendees
------- - -------- --------- -------- - ------ ---- ---------
VVZ dt rb jj nn , VVG IN/that nns
were asked to take the
---- ----- -- ---- ---
VBD VVN to VV dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653608) PENN in sentence 4154505:
information back to their home agencies and `` do what you can ''
----------- ---- -- ----- ---- -------- --- -- -- ---- --- --- --
nn rb to PP$ nn nns cc `` VV wp PP md ''
with it , subject to
---- -- - ------- --
in PP , jj to
]
[POS annotation set (6653609) PENN in sentence 4154506:
classification and distribution restrictions .
-------------- --- ------------ ------------ -
nn cc nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653610) PENN in sentence 4154507:
A representative from the INS asked
- -------------- ---- --- --- -----
dt nn in dt NP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653611) PENN in sentence 4154508:
for a summary of the information that she could share with
--- - ------- -- --- ----------- ---- --- ----- ----- ----
in dt nn in dt nn IN/that PP md VV in
field offices .
----- ------- -
nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653612) PENN in sentence 4154509:
She never
--- -----
PP rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653613) PENN in sentence 4154510:
received one .
-------- --- -
VVN cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653614) PENN in sentence 4154511:
That same day , the CIA briefed Attorney General Ashcroft on the
---- ---- --- - --- --- ------- -------- ------- -------- -- ---
dt jj nn , dt NP VVD NP NP NP in dt
al Qaeda threat,
-- ----- -------
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653615) PENN in sentence 4154512:
warning that a significant terrorist attack was imminent .
------- ---- - ----------- --------- ------ --- -------- -
VVG IN/that dt jj jj nn VBD jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653616) PENN in sentence 4154513:
Ashcroft was told that
-------- --- ---- ----
NP VBD VVN IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653617) PENN in sentence 4154514:
preparations for multiple attacks were in late stages or already
------------ --- -------- ------- ---- -- ---- ------ -- -------
nns in jj nns VBD in jj nns cc rb
complete and that
-------- --- ----
jj cc IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653618) PENN in sentence 4154515:
little additional warning could be expected .
------ ---------- ------- ----- -- -------- -
jj jj nn md vb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653619) PENN in sentence 4154516:
The briefing addressed only threats
--- -------- --------- ---- -------
dt nn VVD jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653620) PENN in sentence 4154517:
outside the United States .
------- --- ------ ------ -
in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653621) PENN in sentence 4154518:
The next day , the CIA representative told the CSG that al
--- ---- --- - --- --- -------------- ---- --- --- ---- --
dt jj nn , dt NP nn VVD dt nn IN/that NP
Qaeda members believed the
----- ------- -------- ---
NP nns VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653622) PENN in sentence 4154519:
upcoming attack would be `` spectacular , '' qualitatively
-------- ------ ----- -- -- ----------- - -- -------------
jj nn md vb `` jj , '' rb
different from anything they
--------- ---- -------- ----
jj in nn PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653623) PENN in sentence 4154520:
had done to date .
--- ---- -- ---- -
VHD VVN to nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653624) PENN in sentence 4154521:
Apparently as a result of the July 5 meeting with Clarke , the
---------- -- - ------ -- --- ---- - ------- ---- ------ - ---
rb in dt nn in dt NP cd nn in NP , dt
interagency committee
----------- ---------
nn nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653625) PENN in sentence 4154522:
on federal building security was tasked to examine security
-- ------- -------- -------- --- ------ -- ------- --------
in jj nn nn VBD VVN to VV nn
measures .
-------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653626) PENN in sentence 4154523:
This committee
---- ---------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653627) PENN in sentence 4154524:
met on July 9 , when 37 officials from 27 agencies and
--- -- ---- - - ---- -- --------- ---- -- -------- ---
VVN in NP cd , wrb cd nns in cd nns cc
organizations were briefed on
------------- ---- ------- --
nns VBD VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6653628) PENN in sentence 4154525:
the `` current threat level '' in the United States .
--- -- ------- ------ ----- -- -- --- ------ ------ -
dt `` jj nn nn '' in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653629) PENN in sentence 4154526:
They were told that not only the
---- ---- ---- ---- --- ---- ---
PP VBD VVN IN/that rb rb dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653630) PENN in sentence 4154527:
threat reports from abroad but also the recent convictions in the
------ ------- ---- ------ --- ---- --- ------ ----------- -- ---
nn nns in rb cc rb dt jj nns in dt
East Africa
---- ------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653631) PENN in sentence 4154528:
bombings trial , the conviction of Ahmed Ressam , and the just-
-------- ----- - --- ---------- -- ----- ------ - --- --- -----
nns nn , dt nn in NP NP , cc dt jj
returned KhobarTowers
-------- ------------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653632) PENN in sentence 4154529:
indictments reinforced the need to `` exercise extreme vigilance
----------- ---------- --- ---- -- -- -------- ------- ---------
nns VVD dt nn to `` VV jj nn
. ''
- --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653633) PENN in sentence 4154530:
Attendees were
--------- ----
nns VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653634) PENN in sentence 4154531:
expected to determine whether their respective agencies needed
-------- -- --------- ------- ----- ---------- -------- ------
VVN to VV in PP$ jj nns VVD
enhanced security
-------- --------
jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653635) PENN in sentence 4154532:
measures .
-------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653636) PENN in sentence 4154533:
On July 18, 2001 , the State Department provided a warning to
-- ---- --- ---- - --- ----- ---------- -------- - ------- --
in NP cd cd , dt NP NP VVD dt nn to
the public regarding
--- ------ ---------
dt nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653637) PENN in sentence 4154534:
possible terrorist attacks in the Arabian Peninsula .
-------- --------- ------- -- --- ------- --------- -
jj jj nns in dt NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653638) PENN in sentence 4154535:
Acting FBI Director Thomas Pickard told us he had one of his
------ --- -------- ------ ------- ---- -- -- --- --- -- ---
VVG NP NP NP NP VVD PP PP VHD cd in PP$
periodic conference
-------- ----------
jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653639) PENN in sentence 4154536:
calls with all special agents in charge on July 19 .
----- ---- --- ------- ------ -- ------ -- ---- -- -
nns in dt jj nns in nn in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653640) PENN in sentence 4154537:
He said one of the items he
-- ---- --- -- --- ----- --
PP VVD cd in dt nns PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653641) PENN in sentence 4154538:
mentioned was the need , in light of increased threat reporting ,
--------- --- --- ---- - -- ----- -- --------- ------ --------- -
VVN VBD dt nn , in nn in VVN nn nn ,
to have evidence
-- ---- --------
to VH nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653642) PENN in sentence 4154539:
response teams ready to move at a moment 's notice , in case of
-------- ----- ----- -- ---- -- - ------ -- ------ - -- ---- --
nn nns jj to VV in dt nn POS nn , in nn in
an attack .
-- ------ -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653643) PENN in sentence 4154540:
He did not task field offices to try to determine whether any
-- --- --- ---- ----- ------- -- --- -- --------- ------- ---
PP VVD rb nn nn nns to VV to VV in dt
plots were being
----- ---- -----
nns VBD VBG
]
[POS annotation set (6653644) PENN in sentence 4154541:
considered within the United States or to take any action to
---------- ------ --- ------ ------ -- -- ---- --- ------ --
VVN in dt NP NPS cc to VV dt nn to
disrupt any such plots .
------- --- ---- ----- -
VV dt jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653645) PENN in sentence 4154542:
In mid-July , reporting started to indicate that Bin Ladin 's
-- -------- - --------- ------- -- -------- ---- --- ----- --
in NP , nn VVD to VV IN/that NP NP POS
plans had been delayed,
----- --- ---- --------
nns VHD VBN VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653646) PENN in sentence 4154543:
maybe for as long as two months , but not abandoned .
----- --- -- ---- -- --- ------ - --- --- --------- -
rb in rb jj in cd nns , cc rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653647) PENN in sentence 4154544:
On July 23 , the lead item for
-- ---- -- - --- ---- ---- ---
in NP cd , dt jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653648) PENN in sentence 4154545:
CSG discussion was still the al Qaeda threat , and it included
--- ---------- --- ----- --- -- ----- ------ - --- -- --------
NP nn VBD rb dt NP NP nn , cc PP VVD
mention of suspected
------- -- ---------
nn in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653649) PENN in sentence 4154546:
terrorist travel to the United States .
--------- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -
jj nn to dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653650) PENN in sentence 4154547:
On July 31 , an FAA circular appeared alerting the aviation
-- ---- -- - -- --- -------- -------- -------- --- --------
in NP cd , dt NP jj VVD VVG dt nn
community to `` reports of
--------- -- -- ------- --
nn to `` nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653651) PENN in sentence 4154548:
possible near-term terrorist operations . . .
-------- --------- --------- ---------- - - -
jj jj jj nns sent sent sent
particularly on the Arabian Peninsula
------------ -- --- ------- ---------
rb in dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653652) PENN in sentence 4154549:
and/or Israel . ''
------ ------ - --
NP NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653653) PENN in sentence 4154550:
It stated that the FAA had no credible evidence of specific
-- ------ ---- --- --- --- -- -------- -------- -- --------
PP VVD IN/that dt NP VHD dt jj nn in jj
plans to
----- --
nns to
]
[POS annotation set (6653654) PENN in sentence 4154551:
attack U.S. civil aviation , though it noted that some of the
------ ---- ----- -------- - ------ -- ----- ---- ---- -- ---
VV NP jj nn , in PP VVD IN/that dt in dt
`` currently active ''
-- --------- ------ --
`` rb jj ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653655) PENN in sentence 4154552:
terrorist groups were known to `` plan and train for hijackings
--------- ------ ---- ----- -- -- ---- --- ----- --- ----------
jj nns VBD VVN to `` VV cc VV in nns
'' and were able to build
-- --- ---- ---- -- -----
'' cc VBD jj to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653656) PENN in sentence 4154553:
and conceal sophisticated explosive devices in luggage and
--- ------- ------------- --------- ------- -- ------- ---
cc VV jj jj nns in nn cc
consumer products .
-------- -------- -
nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653657) PENN in sentence 4154554:
Tenet told us that in his world `` the system was blinking red
----- ---- -- ---- -- --- ----- -- --- ------ --- -------- ---
nn VVD PP IN/that in PP$ nn `` dt nn VBD VVG jj
. ''
- --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653658) PENN in sentence 4154555:
By late July , Tenet
-- ---- ---- - -----
in jj NP , NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653659) PENN in sentence 4154556:
said , it could not `` get any worse . ''
---- - -- ----- --- -- --- --- ----- - --
VVD , PP md rb `` VV dt jjr sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653660) PENN in sentence 4154557:
Not everyone was
--- -------- ---
rb nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653661) PENN in sentence 4154558:
convinced .
--------- -
VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653662) PENN in sentence 4154559:
Some asked whether all these threats might just be deception .
---- ----- ------- --- ----- ------- ----- ---- -- --------- -
dt VVD in pdt dt nns md rb vb nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653663) PENN in sentence 4154560:
On June 30 ,
-- ---- -- -
in NP cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653664) PENN in sentence 4154561:
the SEIB contained an article titled `` Bin Ladin Threats Are
--- ---- --------- -- ------- ------ -- --- ----- ------- ---
dt NP VVD dt nn VVN `` NP NP NP vbp
Real . ''
---- - --
jj sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653665) PENN in sentence 4154562:
Yet Hadley told
--- ------ ----
cc NP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653666) PENN in sentence 4154563:
Tenet in July that Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz
----- -- ---- ---- ------ --------- -- ------- ---- ---------
nn in NP IN/that NP NP in NP NP NP
questioned the
---------- ---
VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653667) PENN in sentence 4154564:
reporting .
--------- -
VVG sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653668) PENN in sentence 4154565:
Perhaps Bin Ladin was trying to study U.S. reactions .
------- --- ----- --- ------ -- ----- ---- --------- -
rb NP NP VBD VVG to VV NP nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653669) PENN in sentence 4154566:
Tenet replied that
----- ------- ----
nn VVD IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653670) PENN in sentence 4154567:
he had already addressed the Defense Department 's questions on
-- --- ------- --------- --- ------- ---------- -- --------- --
PP VHD rb VVN dt NP NP POS nns in
this point ; the
---- ----- - ---
dt nn : dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653671) PENN in sentence 4154568:
reporting was convincing .
--------- --- ---------- -
nn VBD jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653672) PENN in sentence 4154569:
To give a sense of his anxiety at the time , one senior
-- ---- - ----- -- --- ------- -- --- ---- - --- ------
to VV dt nn in PP$ nn in dt nn , cd jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653673) PENN in sentence 4154570:
official in the Counterterrorist Center told us that he and a
-------- -- --- ---------------- ------ ---- -- ---- -- --- -
nn in dt NP NP VVD PP IN/that PP cc dt
colleague were
--------- ----
nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653674) PENN in sentence 4154571:
considering resigning in order to go public with their concerns
----------- --------- -- ----- -- -- ------ ---- ----- --------
VVG VVG in nn to VV jj in PP$ nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653675) PENN in sentence 4154572:
The Calm Before the Storm
--- ---- ------ --- -----
dt NP in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653676) PENN in sentence 4154573:
On July 27 , Clarke informed Rice and Hadley that the spike in
-- ---- -- - ------ -------- ---- --- ------ ---- --- ----- --
in NP cd , NP VVD NP cc NP IN/that dt nn in
intelligence about a
------------ ----- -
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653677) PENN in sentence 4154574:
near-term al Qaeda attack had stopped .
--------- -- ----- ------ --- ------- -
jj NP NP nn VHD VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653678) PENN in sentence 4154575:
He urged keeping readiness high during the
-- ----- ------- --------- ---- ------ ---
PP VVD VVG nn jj in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653679) PENN in sentence 4154576:
August vacation period , warning that another report suggested
------ -------- ------ - ------- ---- ------- ------ ---------
NP nn nn , VVG IN/that dt nn VVD
an attack had just
-- ------ --- ----
dt nn VHD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653680) PENN in sentence 4154577:
been postponed for a few months `` but will still happen . ''
---- --------- --- - --- ------ -- --- ---- ----- ------ - --
VBN VVN in dt jj nns `` cc md rb VV sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653681) PENN in sentence 4154578:
On August 1 , the FBI issued an advisory that in light of the
-- ------ - - --- --- ------ -- -------- ---- -- ----- -- ---
in NP cd , dt NP VVD dt nn IN/that in nn in dt
increased volume of
--------- ------ --
VVN nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653682) PENN in sentence 4154579:
threat reporting and the upcoming anniversary of the East Africa
------ --------- --- --- -------- ----------- -- --- ---- ------
nn nn cc dt jj nn in dt NP NP
embassy bombings,
------- ---------
nn NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653683) PENN in sentence 4154580:
increased attention should be paid to security planning .
--------- --------- ------ -- ---- -- -------- -------- -
VVN nn md vb VVN to nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653684) PENN in sentence 4154581:
It noted that although most
-- ----- ---- -------- ----
PP VVD IN/that in jjs
]
[POS annotation set (6653685) PENN in sentence 4154582:
of the reporting indicated a potential for attacks on U.S.
-- --- --------- --------- - --------- --- ------- -- ----
in dt nn VVD dt nn in nns in NP
interests abroad , the
--------- ------ - ---
nns rb , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653686) PENN in sentence 4154583:
possibility of an attack in the United States could not be
----------- -- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ ----- --- --
nn in dt nn in dt NP NPS md rb vb
discounted .
---------- -
VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653687) PENN in sentence 4154584:
On August 3 , the intelligence community issued an advisory
-- ------ - - --- ------------ --------- ------ -- --------
in NP cd , dt nn nn VVD dt nn
concluding that the threat
---------- ---- --- ------
VVG IN/that dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653688) PENN in sentence 4154585:
of impending al Qaeda attacks would likely continue indefinitely
-- --------- -- ----- ------- ----- ------ -------- ------------
in jj NP NP nns md rb VV rb
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653689) PENN in sentence 4154586:
Citing threats in
------ ------- --
VVG nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653690) PENN in sentence 4154587:
the Arabian Peninsula , Jordan , Israel , and Europe , the
--- ------- --------- - ------ - ------ - --- ------ - ---
dt NP NP , NP , NP , cc NP , dt
advisory suggested that al
-------- --------- ---- --
nn VVD IN/that NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653691) PENN in sentence 4154588:
Qaeda was lying in wait and searching for gaps in security before
----- --- ----- -- ---- --- --------- --- ---- -- -------- ------
NP VBD VVG in nn cc VVG in nns in nn in
moving forward
------ -------
VVG rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653692) PENN in sentence 4154589:
with the planned attacks .
---- --- ------- ------- -
in dt jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653693) PENN in sentence 4154590:
During the spring and summer of 2001 , President Bush had on
------ --- ------ --- ------ -- ---- - --------- ---- --- --
in dt nn cc nn in cd , NP NP VHD in
several occasions asked
------- --------- -----
jj nns VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653694) PENN in sentence 4154591:
his briefers whether any of the threats pointed to the United
--- -------- ------- --- -- --- ------- ------- -- --- ------
PP$ nns in dt in dt nns VVD to dt NP
States .
------ -
NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653695) PENN in sentence 4154592:
Reflecting on
---------- --
VVG in
]
[POS annotation set (6653696) PENN in sentence 4154593:
these questions , the CIA decided to write a briefing article
----- --------- - --- --- ------- -- ----- - -------- -------
dt nns , dt NP VVD to VV dt nn nn
summarizing its
----------- ---
VVG PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653697) PENN in sentence 4154594:
understanding of this danger .
------------- -- ---- ------ -
VVG in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653698) PENN in sentence 4154595:
Two CIA analysts involved in preparing this briefing
--- --- -------- -------- -- --------- ---- --------
cd NP nns VVN in VVG dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653699) PENN in sentence 4154596:
article believed it represented an opportunity to communicate
------- -------- -- ----------- -- ----------- -- -----------
nn VVD PP VVD dt nn to VV
their view that the
----- ---- ---- ---
PP$ nn IN/that dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653700) PENN in sentence 4154597:
threat of a Bin Ladin attack in the United States remained both
------ -- - --- ----- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -------- ----
nn in dt NP NP nn in dt NP NPS VVD dt
current and
------- ---
jj cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653701) PENN in sentence 4154598:
serious .
------- -
jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653702) PENN in sentence 4154599:
The result was an article in the August 6 Presidential Daily
--- ------ --- -- ------- -- --- ------ - ------------ -----
dt nn VBD dt nn in dt NP cd NP NP
Brief titled `` Bin Ladin
----- ------ -- --- -----
NP VVD `` NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653703) PENN in sentence 4154600:
Determined to Strike in US . ''
---------- -- ------ -- -- - --
VVN to NP in NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653704) PENN in sentence 4154601:
It was the 36th PDB item briefed so far that year that
-- --- --- ---- --- ---- ------- -- --- ---- ---- ----
PP VBD dt jj NP nn VVD rb rb dt nn IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653705) PENN in sentence 4154602:
related to Bin Ladin or al Qaeda , and the first devoted to the
------- -- --- ----- -- -- ----- - --- --- ----- ------- -- ---
VVN to NP NP cc NP NP , cc dt rb VVN to dt
possibility of an
----------- -- --
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653706) PENN in sentence 4154603:
attack in the United States .
------ -- --- ------ ------ -
nn in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653707) PENN in sentence 4154604:
The President told us the August 6 report was
--- --------- ---- -- --- ------ - ------ ---
dt NP VVD PP dt NP cd nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653708) PENN in sentence 4154605:
historical in nature .
---------- -- ------ -
jj in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653709) PENN in sentence 4154606:
President Bush said the article told him that al Qaeda was
--------- ---- ---- --- ------- ---- --- ---- -- ----- ---
NP NP VVD dt nn VVD PP IN/that NP NP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653710) PENN in sentence 4154607:
dangerous , which he said he had known since he had become
--------- - ----- -- ---- -- --- ----- ----- -- --- ------
jj , wdt PP VVD PP VHD VVN in PP VHD VVN
President .
--------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653711) PENN in sentence 4154608:
The President
--- ---------
dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653712) PENN in sentence 4154609:
said Bin Ladin had long been talking about his desire to attack
---- --- ----- --- ---- ---- ------- ----- --- ------ -- ------
VVD NP NP VHD rb VBN VVG in PP$ nn to VV
America .
------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653713) PENN in sentence 4154610:
He recalled
-- --------
PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653714) PENN in sentence 4154611:
some operational data on the FBI , and remembered thinking it was
---- ----------- ---- -- --- --- - --- ---------- -------- -- ---
dt jj nns in dt NP , cc VVD VVG PP VBD
heartening that 70
---------- ---- --
VVG IN/that cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653715) PENN in sentence 4154612:
investigations were under way .
-------------- ---- ----- --- -
nns VBD in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653716) PENN in sentence 4154613:
As best he could recollect , Rice had mentioned that
-- ---- -- ----- --------- - ---- --- --------- ----
in jjs PP md VV , NP VHD VVN IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653717) PENN in sentence 4154614:
the Yemenis ' surveillance of a federal building in New York
--- ------- - ------------ -- - ------- -------- -- --- ----
dt nns POS nn in dt jj nn in NP NP
had been looked into in
--- ---- ------ ---- --
VHD VBN VVN in in
]
[POS annotation set (6653718) PENN in sentence 4154615:
May and June , but there was no actionable intelligence .
--- --- ---- - --- ----- --- -- ---------- ------------ -
NP cc NP , cc ex VBD dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653719) PENN in sentence 4154616:
He did not recall discussing
-- --- --- ------ ----------
PP VVD rb VV VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653720) PENN in sentence 4154617:
the August 6 report with the Attorney General or whether Rice
--- ------ - ------ ---- --- -------- ------- -- ------- ----
dt NP cd nn in dt NP NP cc in NP
had done so .
--- ---- -- -
VHD VVN rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653721) PENN in sentence 4154618:
He said
-- ----
PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653722) PENN in sentence 4154619:
that if his advisers had told him there was a cell in the United
---- -- --- -------- --- ---- --- ----- --- - ---- -- --- ------
dt in PP$ nns VHD VVN PP ex VBD dt nn in dt NP
States , they would
------ - ---- -----
NPS , PP md
]
[POS annotation set (6653723) PENN in sentence 4154620:
have moved to take care of it .
---- ----- -- ---- ---- -- -- -
VHP VVN to VV nn in PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653724) PENN in sentence 4154621:
That never happened .
---- ----- -------- -
dt rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653725) PENN in sentence 4154622:
Although the following day 's SEIB repeated the title of this
-------- --- --------- --- -- ---- -------- --- ----- -- ----
in dt VVG nn POS NP VVD dt nn in dt
PDB , it did not contain
--- - -- --- --- -------
NP , PP VVD rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653726) PENN in sentence 4154623:
the reference to hijackings , the alert in New York , the alleged
--- --------- -- ---------- - --- ----- -- --- ---- - --- -------
dt nn to nns , dt nn in NP NP , dt jj
casing of buildings
------ -- ---------
nn in nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653727) PENN in sentence 4154624:
in New York , the threat phoned in to the embassy , or the fact
-- --- ---- - --- ------ ------ -- -- --- ------- - -- --- ----
in NP NP , dt nn VVD in to dt nn , cc dt nn
that the FBI had
---- --- --- ---
IN/that dt NP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653728) PENN in sentence 4154625:
approximately 70 ongoing bin Ladin-related investigations .
------------- -- ------- --- ------------- -------------- -
rb cd jj nn jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653729) PENN in sentence 4154626:
The following is the text of an item from the Presidential Daily
--- --------- -- --- ---- -- -- ---- ---- --- ------------ -----
dt nn VBZ dt nn in dt nn in dt NP NP
Brief received by
----- -------- --
NP VVD in
]
[POS annotation set (6653730) PENN in sentence 4154627:
President George W. Bush on August 6 , 2001.37 Redacted material
--------- ------ -- ---- -- ------ - - ------- -------- --------
NP NP NP NP in NP cd , cd jj nn
is indicated by
-- --------- --
VBZ VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6653731) PENN in sentence 4154628:
brackets .
-------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653732) PENN in sentence 4154629:
Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US Clandestine , foreign
--- ----- ---------- -- ------ -- -- ----------- - -------
NP NP NP to NP in NP NP , jj
government , and media
---------- - --- -----
nn , cc nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653733) PENN in sentence 4154630:
reports indicate Bin Ladin since 1997 has wanted to conduct
------- -------- --- ----- ----- ---- --- ------ -- -------
nns VVP NP NP in cd VHZ VVN to VV
terrorist attacks in
--------- ------- --
jj nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653734) PENN in sentence 4154631:
the US .
--- -- -
dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653735) PENN in sentence 4154632:
Bin Ladin implied in US television interviews in 1997 and 1998
--- ----- ------- -- -- ---------- ---------- -- ---- --- ----
NP NP VVD in NP nn nns in cd cc cd
that his
---- ---
wdt PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653736) PENN in sentence 4154633:
followers would follow the example of World Trade Center bomber
--------- ----- ------ --- ------- -- ----- ----- ------ ------
nns md VV dt nn in NP NP NP nn
Ramzi Yousef and
----- ------ ---
NP NP cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653737) PENN in sentence 4154634:
'' bring the fighting to America . ''
-- ----- --- -------- -- ------- - --
'' VV dt nn to NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653738) PENN in sentence 4154635:
After US missile strikes on his base in
----- -- ------- ------- -- --- ---- --
in NP nn nns in PP$ nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653739) PENN in sentence 4154636:
Afghanistan in 1998 , Bin Ladin told followers he wanted to
----------- -- ---- - --- ----- ---- --------- -- ------ --
NP in cd , NP NP VVD nns PP VVD to
retaliate in
--------- --
VV in
]
[POS annotation set (6653740) PENN in sentence 4154637:
Washington , according to a [ - ] service .
---------- - --------- -- - - - - ------- -
NP , VVG to dt sym : sym nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653741) PENN in sentence 4154638:
An Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( EIJ ) operative told an [ - ]
-- -------- ------- ----- - --- - --------- ---- -- - - -
dt jj NP NP ( NP ) nn VVD dt sym : sym
service at the same time
------- -- --- ---- ----
nn in dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653742) PENN in sentence 4154639:
that Bin Ladin was planning to exploit the operative 's access
---- --- ----- --- -------- -- ------- --- --------- -- ------
dt NP NP VBD VVG to VV dt nn POS nn
to the US to mount
-- --- -- -- -----
to dt NP to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653743) PENN in sentence 4154640:
a terrorist strike .
- --------- ------ -
dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653744) PENN in sentence 4154641:
The millennium plotting in Canada in 1999 may have been part of
--- ---------- -------- -- ------ -- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- --
dt nn VVG in NP in cd md VH VBN nn in
Bin Ladin 's first
--- ----- -- -----
NP NP POS jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653745) PENN in sentence 4154642:
serious attempt to implement a terrorist strike in the US .
------- ------- -- --------- - --------- ------ -- --- -- -
jj nn to VV dt jj nn in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653746) PENN in sentence 4154643:
Convicted plotter
--------- -------
VVN nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653747) PENN in sentence 4154644:
Ahmed Ressam has told the FBI that he conceived the idea to
----- ------ --- ---- --- --- ---- -- --------- --- ---- --
NP NP VHZ VVN dt NP IN/that PP VVD dt nn to
attack Los Angeles
------ --- -------
VV NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653748) PENN in sentence 4154645:
International Airport himself , but that Bin Ladin lieutenant
------------- ------- ------- - --- ---- --- ----- ----------
NP NP PP , cc IN/that NP NP nn
Abu Zubaydah
--- --------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653749) PENN in sentence 4154646:
encouraged him and helped facilitate the operation .
---------- --- --- ------ ---------- --- --------- -
VVD PP cc VVD VV dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653750) PENN in sentence 4154647:
Ressam also said that in
------ ---- ---- ---- --
NP rb VVD IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6653751) PENN in sentence 4154648:
1998 Abu Zubaydah was planning his own US attack .
---- --- -------- --- -------- --- --- -- ------ -
cd NP NP VBD VVG PP$ jj NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653752) PENN in sentence 4154649:
Ressam says Bin Ladin was aware of the Los Angeles operation .
------ ---- --- ----- --- ----- -- --- --- ------- --------- -
NP VVZ NP NP VBD jj in dt NP NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653753) PENN in sentence 4154650:
Although Bin Ladin has not succeeded , his attacks against the US
-------- --- ----- --- --- --------- - --- ------- ------- --- --
in NP NP VHZ rb VVN , PP$ nns in dt NP
Embassies in
--------- --
NP in
]
[POS annotation set (6653754) PENN in sentence 4154651:
Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrate that he prepares
----- --- -------- -- ---- ----------- ---- -- --------
NP cc NP in cd VVP IN/that PP VVZ
operations years in
---------- ----- --
nns nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653755) PENN in sentence 4154652:
advance and is not deterred by setbacks .
------- --- -- --- -------- -- -------- -
nn cc VBZ rb VVN in nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653756) PENN in sentence 4154653:
Bin Ladin associates surveilled our
--- ----- ---------- ---------- ---
NP NP nns VVD PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653757) PENN in sentence 4154654:
Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam as early as 1993 , and
--------- -- ------- --- --- -- ------ -- ----- -- ---- - ---
nns in NP cc NP NP NP rb rb in cd , cc
some members of the
---- ------- -- ---
dt nns in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653758) PENN in sentence 4154655:
Nairobi cell planning the bombings were arrested and deported in
------- ---- -------- --- -------- ---- -------- --- -------- --
NP nn VVG dt nns VBD VVN cc VVD in
1997 .
---- -
cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653759) PENN in sentence 4154656:
Al-Qa'ida members-including some who are US citizens-have resided
--------- ----------------- ---- --- --- -- ------------- -------
NP VVG dt wp vbp NP nns VVN
in or traveled
-- -- --------
in cc VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653760) PENN in sentence 4154657:
to the US for years , and the group apparently maintains a
-- --- -- --- ----- - --- --- ----- ---------- --------- -
to dt NP in nns , cc dt nn rb VVZ dt
support structure that
------- --------- ----
nn nn wdt
]
[POS annotation set (6653761) PENN in sentence 4154658:
could aid attacks .
----- --- ------- -
md VV nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653762) PENN in sentence 4154659:
Two al-Qua ' da members found guilty in the conspiracy to bomb
--- ------ - -- ------- ----- ------ -- --- ---------- -- ----
cd NP POS nn nns VVD jj in dt nn to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653763) PENN in sentence 4154660:
our embassies in East Africa were US citizens , and a senior EIJ
--- --------- -- ---- ------ ---- -- -------- - --- - ------ ---
PP$ nns in NP NP VBD NP nns , cc dt jj NP
member lived in
------ ----- --
nn VVD in
]
[POS annotation set (6653764) PENN in sentence 4154661:
California in the mid- 1990s .
---------- -- --- ---- ----- -
NP in dt nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653765) PENN in sentence 4154662:
A clandestine source said in 1998 that a Bin Ladin
- ----------- ------ ---- -- ---- ---- - --- -----
dt jj nn VVD in cd IN/that dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653766) PENN in sentence 4154663:
cell in New York was recruiting Muslim-American youth for attacks
---- -- --- ---- --- ---------- --------------- ----- --- -------
nn in NP NP VBD VVG NP nn in nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653767) PENN in sentence 4154664:
We have not been able to corroborate some of the more sensational
-- ---- --- ---- ---- -- ----------- ---- -- --- ---- -----------
PP VHP rb VBN jj to VV dt in dt rbr jj
threat
------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653768) PENN in sentence 4154665:
reporting , such as that from a [ - ] service in 1998 saying
--------- - ---- -- ---- ---- - - - - ------- -- ---- ------
nn , jj in dt in dt sym : sym nn in cd VVG
that Bin Ladin wanted
---- --- ----- ------
IN/that NP NP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653769) PENN in sentence 4154666:
to hijack a US aircraft to gain the release of `` Blind Shaykh
-- ------ - -- -------- -- ---- --- ------- -- -- ----- ------
to VV dt NP nn to VV dt nn in `` NP NP
''
--
''
]
[POS annotation set (6653770) PENN in sentence 4154667:
'Umar 'Abd
----- ----
nn nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653771) PENN in sentence 4154668:
al-Rahman and other US -held extremists .
--------- --- ----- -- ----- ---------- -
NP cc jj NP nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653772) PENN in sentence 4154669:
Nevertheless , FBI information since that time indicates patterns
------------ - --- ----------- ----- ---- ---- --------- --------
rb , NP nn in dt nn VVZ nns
of suspicious
-- ----------
in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653773) PENN in sentence 4154670:
activity in this country consistent with preparations for
-------- -- ---- ------- ---------- ---- ------------ ---
nn in dt nn jj in nns in
hijackings or other
---------- -- -----
nns cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653774) PENN in sentence 4154671:
types of attacks , including recent surveillance of federal
----- -- ------- - --------- ------ ------------ -- -------
nns in nns , VVG jj nn in jj
buildings in New
--------- -- ---
nns in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653775) PENN in sentence 4154672:
York .
---- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653776) PENN in sentence 4154673:
The FBI is conducting approximately 70 full field investigations
--- --- -- ---------- ------------- -- ---- ----- --------------
dt NP VBZ VVG rb cd jj nn nns
throughout the
---------- ---
in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653777) PENN in sentence 4154674:
US that it considers Bin Ladin -related .
-- ---- -- --------- --- ----- -------- -
PP IN/that PP VVZ NP NP VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653778) PENN in sentence 4154675:
CIA and the FBI are investigating a call
--- --- --- --- --- ------------- - ----
NP cc dt NP vbp VVG dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653779) PENN in sentence 4154676:
to our Embassy in the UAE in May saying that a group of Bin
-- --- ------- -- --- --- -- --- ------ ---- - ----- -- ---
to PP$ NP in dt nns in NP VVG IN/that dt nn in NP
Ladin supporters was
----- ---------- ---
NP nns VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653780) PENN in sentence 4154677:
in the US planning attacks with explosives .
-- --- -- -------- ------- ---- ---------- -
in dt NP nn nns in nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653781) PENN in sentence 4154678:
No CSG or other NSC meeting was held to discuss the possible
-- --- -- ----- --- ------- --- ---- -- ------- --- --------
dt NP cc jj NP nn VBD VVN to VV dt jj
threat of a strike in
------ -- - ------ --
nn in dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653782) PENN in sentence 4154679:
the United States as a result of this report .
--- ------ ------ -- - ------ -- ---- ------ -
dt NP NPS in dt nn in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653783) PENN in sentence 4154680:
Late in the month , a foreign service reported that Abu
---- -- --- ----- - - ------- ------- -------- ---- ---
rb in dt nn , dt jj nn VVD IN/that NP
Zubaydah was considering
-------- --- -----------
NP VBD VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653784) PENN in sentence 4154681:
mounting terrorist attacks in the United States , after
-------- --------- ------- -- --- ------ ------ - -----
VVG jj nns in dt NP NPS , in
postponing possible
---------- --------
VVG jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653785) PENN in sentence 4154682:
operations in Europe .
---------- -- ------ -
nns in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653786) PENN in sentence 4154683:
No targets , timing , or method of attack were provided .
-- ------- - ------ - -- ------ -- ------ ---- -------- -
dt nns , nn , cc nn in nn VBD VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653787) PENN in sentence 4154684:
We have found no indication of any further discussion before
-- ---- ----- -- ---------- -- --- ------- ---------- ------
PP VHP VVN dt nn in dt jjr nn in
September 11 among the
--------- -- ----- ---
NP cd in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653788) PENN in sentence 4154685:
President and his top advisers of the possibility of a threat of
--------- --- --- --- -------- -- --- ----------- -- - ------ --
NP cc PP$ jj nns in dt nn in dt nn in
an al Qaeda attack
-- -- ----- ------
dt NP NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653789) PENN in sentence 4154686:
in the United States .
-- --- ------ ------ -
in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653790) PENN in sentence 4154687:
DCI Tenet visited President Bush in Crawford , Texas , on August
--- ----- ------- --------- ---- -- -------- - ----- - -- ------
NP NP VVD NP NP in NP , NP , in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653791) PENN in sentence 4154688:
17 and participated in PDB briefings of the President between
-- --- ------------ -- --- --------- -- --- --------- -------
cd cc VVD in NP nns in dt NP in
August 31 ( after the
------ -- - ----- ---
NP cd ( in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653792) PENN in sentence 4154689:
President had returned to Washington ) and September 10 .
--------- --- -------- -- ---------- - --- --------- -- -
NP VHD VVN to NP ) cc NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653793) PENN in sentence 4154690:
But Tenet does not recall
--- ----- ---- --- ------
cc NP VVZ rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653794) PENN in sentence 4154691:
any discussions with the President of the domestic threat during
--- ----------- ---- --- --------- -- --- -------- ------ ------
dt nns in dt NP in dt jj nn in
this period .
---- ------ -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653795) PENN in sentence 4154692:
Most of the intelligence community recognized in the summer of
---- -- --- ------------ --------- ---------- -- --- ------ --
jjs in dt nn nn VVN in dt nn in
2001 that the number
---- ---- --- ------
cd IN/that dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653796) PENN in sentence 4154693:
and severity of threat reports were unprecedented .
--- -------- -- ------ ------- ---- ------------- -
cc nn in nn nns VBD jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653797) PENN in sentence 4154694:
Many officials told us that they
---- --------- ---- -- ---- ----
jj nns VVD PP IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653798) PENN in sentence 4154695:
knew something terrible was planned , and they were desperate to
---- --------- -------- --- ------- - --- ---- ---- --------- --
VVD nn jj VBD VVN , cc PP VBD jj to
stop it .
---- -- -
VV PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653799) PENN in sentence 4154696:
Despite
-------
in
]
[POS annotation set (6653800) PENN in sentence 4154697:
their large number , the threats received contained few specifics
----- ----- ------ - --- ------- -------- --------- --- ---------
PP$ jj nn , dt nns VVD VVN jj nns
regarding time,
--------- -----
VVG NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653801) PENN in sentence 4154698:
place , method , or target .
----- - ------ - -- ------ -
nn , nn , cc nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653802) PENN in sentence 4154699:
Most suggested that attacks were planned against targets
---- --------- ---- ------- ---- ------- ------- -------
rbs VVD IN/that nns VBD VVN in nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653803) PENN in sentence 4154700:
overseas ; others indicated threats against unspecified `` U.S.
-------- - ------ --------- ------- ------- ----------- -- ----
rb : nns VVD nns in jj `` NP
interests . ''
--------- - --
nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653804) PENN in sentence 4154701:
We can not
-- --- ---
PP md rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653805) PENN in sentence 4154702:
say for certain whether these reports , as dramatic as they were
--- --- ------- ------- ----- ------- - -- -------- -- ---- ----
VV in jj in dt nns , rb jj in PP VBD
, related to the 9/11
- ------- -- --- ----
, VVN to dt cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653806) PENN in sentence 4154703:
attacks .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653807) PENN in sentence 4154704:
Government Response to the Threats
---------- -------- -- --- -------
NP NP to dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653808) PENN in sentence 4154705:
National Security Advisor Rice told us that the CSG was the ``
-------- -------- ------- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- --- --- --
NP NP NP NP VVD PP IN/that dt NP VBD dt ``
nerve center '' for
----- ------ -- ---
nn nn '' in
]
[POS annotation set (6653809) PENN in sentence 4154706:
running the crisis , although other senior officials were
------- --- ------ - -------- ----- ------ --------- ----
VVG dt nn , in jj jj nns VBD
involved over the course of
-------- ---- --- ------ --
VVN in dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653810) PENN in sentence 4154707:
the summer .
--- ------ -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653811) PENN in sentence 4154708:
In addition to his daily meetings with President Bush , and
-- -------- -- --- ----- -------- ---- --------- ---- - ---
in nn to PP$ jj nns in NP NP , cc
weekly
------
jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653812) PENN in sentence 4154709:
meetings to go over other issues with Rice , Tenet was speaking
-------- -- -- ---- ----- ------ ---- ---- - ----- --- --------
nns to VV in jj nns in NP , NP VBD VVG
regularly with
--------- ----
rb in
]
[POS annotation set (6653813) PENN in sentence 4154710:
Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald
--------- -- ----- ----- ------ --- --------- -- ------- ------
NP in NP NP NP cc NP in NP NP
Rumsfeld .
-------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653814) PENN in sentence 4154711:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653815) PENN in sentence 4154712:
foreign policy principals routinely talked on the telephone every
------- ------ ---------- --------- ------ -- --- --------- -----
jj nn nns rb VVD in dt nn dt
day on a variety
--- -- - -------
nn in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653816) PENN in sentence 4154713:
of topics .
-- ------ -
in nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653817) PENN in sentence 4154714:
Hadley told us that before 9/11 , he and Rice did not feel
------ ---- -- ---- ------ ---- - -- --- ---- --- --- ----
NP VVD PP IN/that in cd , PP cc NP VVD rb VV
they had the job of
---- --- --- --- --
PP VHD dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653818) PENN in sentence 4154715:
coordinating domestic agencies .
------------ -------- -------- -
VVG jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653819) PENN in sentence 4154716:
They felt that Clarke and the CSG ( part of the NSC )
---- ---- ---- ------ --- --- --- - ---- -- --- --- -
PP VVD IN/that NP cc dt NP ( nn in dt NP )
]
[POS annotation set (6653820) PENN in sentence 4154717:
were the NSC 's bridge between foreign and domestic threats .
---- --- --- -- ------ ------- ------- --- -------- ------- -
VBD dt NP POS nn in jj cc jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653821) PENN in sentence 4154718:
There was a clear disparity in the levels of response to foreign
----- --- - ----- --------- -- --- ------ -- -------- -- -------
ex VBD dt jj nn in dt nns in nn to jj
versus domestic
------ --------
cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653822) PENN in sentence 4154719:
threats .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653823) PENN in sentence 4154720:
Numerous actions were taken overseas to disrupt possible attacks-
-------- ------- ---- ----- -------- -- ------- -------- --------
jj nns VBD VVN rb to VV jj nn
enlisting
---------
VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653824) PENN in sentence 4154721:
foreign partners to upset terrorist plans , closing embassies ,
------- -------- -- ----- --------- ----- - ------- --------- -
jj nns to VV jj nns , VVG nns ,
moving military assets
------ -------- ------
VVG jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653825) PENN in sentence 4154722:
out of the way of possible harm .
--- -- --- --- -- -------- ---- -
rb in dt nn in jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653826) PENN in sentence 4154723:
Far less was done domestically- in part , surely,
--- ---- --- ---- ------------- -- ---- - -------
rb rbr VBD VVN nn in nn , NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653827) PENN in sentence 4154724:
because to the extent that specifics did exist , they
------- -- --- ------ ---- --------- --- ----- - ----
in to dt nn IN/that nns VVD VV , PP
pertained to threats overseas .
--------- -- ------- -------- -
VVD to nns jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653828) PENN in sentence 4154725:
As noted earlier , a threat against the embassy in Yemen quickly
-- ----- ------- - - ------ ------- --- ------- -- ----- -------
rb VVD rbr , dt nn in dt nn in NP rb
resulted in its
-------- -- ---
VVD in PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6653829) PENN in sentence 4154726:
closing .
------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653830) PENN in sentence 4154727:
Possible domestic threats were more vague .
-------- -------- ------- ---- ---- ----- -
jj jj nns VBD rbr jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653831) PENN in sentence 4154728:
When reports did not specify
---- ------- --- --- -------
wrb nns VVD rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653832) PENN in sentence 4154729:
where the attacks were to take place , officials presumed that
----- --- ------- ---- -- ---- ----- - --------- -------- ----
wrb dt nns VBD to VV nn , nns VVN IN/that
they would again be
---- ----- ----- --
PP md rb vb
]
[POS annotation set (6653833) PENN in sentence 4154730:
overseas , though they did not rule out a target in the United
-------- - ------ ---- --- --- ---- --- - ------ -- --- ------
rb , in PP VVD rb VV rp dt nn in dt NP
States .
------ -
NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653834) PENN in sentence 4154731:
Each of the
---- -- ---
dt in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653835) PENN in sentence 4154732:
FBI threat advisories made this point .
--- ------ ---------- ---- ---- ----- -
NP nn nns VVD dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653836) PENN in sentence 4154733:
Clarke mentioned to National Security Advisor Rice at least twice
------ --------- -- -------- -------- ------- ---- -- ----- -----
NP VVD to NP NP NP NP in jjs rb
that al Qaeda
---- -- -----
IN/that NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653837) PENN in sentence 4154734:
sleeper cells were likely in the United States .
------- ----- ---- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -
nn nns VBD jj in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653838) PENN in sentence 4154735:
In January 2001 , Clarke forwarded a
-- ------- ---- - ------ --------- -
in NP cd , NP VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653839) PENN in sentence 4154736:
strategy paper to Rice warning that al Qaeda had a presence
-------- ----- -- ---- ------- ---- -- ----- --- - --------
nn nn to NP nn IN/that NP NP VHD dt nn
in the United States .
-- --- ------ ------ -
in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653840) PENN in sentence 4154737:
He
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653841) PENN in sentence 4154738:
noted that two key al Qaeda members in the Jordanian cell
----- ---- --- --- -- ----- ------- -- --- --------- ----
VVD IN/that cd jj NP NP nns in dt jj nn
involved in the millennium
-------- -- --- ----------
VVN in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653842) PENN in sentence 4154739:
plot were naturalized U.S. citizens and that one jihadist
---- ---- ----------- ---- -------- --- ---- --- --------
nn VBD VVN NP nns cc dt cd nn
suspected in the East
--------- -- --- ----
VVN in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653843) PENN in sentence 4154740:
Africa bombings had `` informed the FBI that an extensive
------ -------- --- -- -------- --- --- ---- -- ---------
NP nns VHD `` VVN dt NP IN/that dt jj
network of al Qida 'sleeper
------- -- -- ---- --------
nn in NP NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653844) PENN in sentence 4154741:
agents ' currently exists in the US . ''
------ - --------- ------ -- --- -- - --
nns POS rb VVZ in dt NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653845) PENN in sentence 4154742:
He added that Ressam 's abortive December 1999
-- ----- ---- ------ -- -------- -------- ----
PP VVD IN/that NP POS jj NP cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653846) PENN in sentence 4154743:
attack revealed al Qaeda supporters in the United States .
------ -------- -- ----- ---------- -- --- ------ ------ -
nn VVD NP NP nns in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653847) PENN in sentence 4154744:
His analysis , however , was based not on new threat reporting
--- -------- - ------- - --- ----- --- -- --- ------ ---------
PP$ nn , rb , VBD VVN rb in jj nn nn
but on past experience .
--- -- ---- ---------- -
cc in jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653848) PENN in sentence 4154745:
The September 11 attacks fell into the void between the foreign
--- --------- -- ------- ---- ---- --- ---- ------- --- -------
dt NP cd nns VVD in dt nn in dt jj
and domestic threats .
--- -------- ------- -
cc jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653849) PENN in sentence 4154746:
The foreign intelligence agencies were watching overseas , alert
--- ------- ------------ -------- ---- -------- -------- - -----
dt jj nn nns VBD VVG jj , jj
to foreign threats
-- ------- -------
to jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653850) PENN in sentence 4154747:
to U.S. interests there .
-- ---- --------- ----- -
to NP nns rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653851) PENN in sentence 4154748:
The domestic agencies were waiting for evidence of a
--- -------- -------- ---- ------- --- -------- -- -
dt jj nns VBD VVG in nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653852) PENN in sentence 4154749:
domestic threat from sleeper cells within the United States .
-------- ------ ---- ------- ----- ------ --- ------ ------ -
jj nn in nn nns in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653853) PENN in sentence 4154750:
No one was looking for
-- --- --- ------- ---
dt cd VBD VVG in
]
[POS annotation set (6653854) PENN in sentence 4154751:
a foreign threat to domestic targets .
- ------- ------ -- -------- ------- -
dt jj nn to jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653855) PENN in sentence 4154752:
The threat that was coming was not from
--- ------ ---- --- ------ --- --- ----
dt nn wdt VBD VVG VBD rb in
]
[POS annotation set (6653856) PENN in sentence 4154753:
sleeper cells .
------- ----- -
nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653857) PENN in sentence 4154754:
It was foreign-but from foreigners who had infiltrated into the
-- --- ----------- ---- ---------- --- --- ----------- ---- ---
PP VBD nn in nns wp VHD VVN in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653858) PENN in sentence 4154755:
United States .
------ ------ -
NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653859) PENN in sentence 4154756:
A second cause of this disparity in response is that
- ------ ----- -- ---- --------- -- -------- -- ----
dt jj nn in dt nn in nn VBZ IN/that
domestic agencies did not know
-------- -------- --- --- ----
jj nns VVD rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653860) PENN in sentence 4154757:
what to do , and no one gave them direction .
---- -- -- - --- -- --- ---- ---- --------- -
wp to VV , cc dt cd VVD PP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653861) PENN in sentence 4154758:
Cressey told us that the CSG did not
------- ---- -- ---- --- --- --- ---
NP VVD PP IN/that dt NP VVD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653862) PENN in sentence 4154759:
tell the agencies how to respond to the threats .
---- --- -------- --- -- ------- -- --- ------- -
VV dt nns wrb to VV to dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653863) PENN in sentence 4154760:
He noted that the agencies that
-- ----- ---- --- -------- ----
PP VVD IN/that dt nns wdt
]
[POS annotation set (6653864) PENN in sentence 4154761:
were operating overseas did not need direction on how to respond
---- --------- -------- --- --- ---- --------- -- --- -- -------
VBD VVG rb VVD rb VV nn in wrb to VV
; they had
- ---- ---
: PP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6653865) PENN in sentence 4154762:
experience with such threats and had a `` playbook . ''
---------- ---- ---- ------- --- --- - -- -------- - --
nn in jj nns cc VHD dt `` nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653866) PENN in sentence 4154763:
In contrast , the domestic
-- -------- - --- --------
in nn , dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653867) PENN in sentence 4154764:
agencies did not have a game plan .
-------- --- --- ---- - ---- ---- -
nns VVD rb VH dt nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653868) PENN in sentence 4154765:
Neither the NSC ( including the CSG ) nor anyone
------- --- --- - --------- --- --- - --- ------
cc dt NP ( VVG dt NP ) cc nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653869) PENN in sentence 4154766:
else instructed them to create one .
---- ---------- ---- -- ------ --- -
rb VVN PP to VV cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653870) PENN in sentence 4154767:
This lack of direction was evident in the July 5 meeting with
---- ---- -- --------- --- ------- -- --- ---- - ------- ----
dt nn in nn VBD jj in dt NP cd nn in
representatives from
--------------- ----
nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6653871) PENN in sentence 4154768:
the domestic agencies .
--- -------- -------- -
dt jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653872) PENN in sentence 4154769:
The briefing focused on overseas threats .
--- -------- ------- -- -------- ------- -
dt nn VVN in jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653873) PENN in sentence 4154770:
The domestic
--- --------
dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653874) PENN in sentence 4154771:
agencies were not questioned about how they planned to address
-------- ---- --- ---------- ----- --- ---- ------- -- -------
nns VBD rb VVN rb wrb PP VVD to VV
the threat and were
--- ------ --- ----
dt nn cc VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653875) PENN in sentence 4154772:
not told what was expected of them .
--- ---- ---- --- -------- -- ---- -
rb VVN wp VBD VVN in PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653876) PENN in sentence 4154773:
Indeed , as noted earlier , they were specifically
------ - -- ----- ------- - ---- ---- ------------
rb , rb VVD rbr , PP VBD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653877) PENN in sentence 4154774:
told they could not issue advisories based on the briefing .
---- ---- ----- --- ----- ---------- ----- -- --- -------- -
VVD PP md rb VV nns VVN in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653878) PENN in sentence 4154775:
46 The domestic
-- --- --------
cd dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653879) PENN in sentence 4154776:
agencies ' limited response indicates that they did not
-------- - ------- -------- --------- ---- ---- --- ---
nns POS jj nn VVZ IN/that PP VVD rb
perceive a call to action .
-------- - ---- -- ------ -
VVP dt nn to nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653880) PENN in sentence 4154777:
Clarke reflected a different perspective in an email to Rice on
------ --------- - --------- ----------- -- -- ----- -- ---- --
NP VVD dt jj nn in dt nn to NP in
September 15, 2001 .
--------- --- ---- -
NP cd cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653881) PENN in sentence 4154778:
He summarized the steps taken by the CSG to alert domestic
-- ---------- --- ----- ----- -- --- --- -- ----- --------
PP VVD dt nns VVN in dt NP to VV jj
agencies to the
-------- -- ---
nns to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653882) PENN in sentence 4154779:
possibility of an attack in the United States .
----------- -- -- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -
nn in dt nn in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653883) PENN in sentence 4154780:
Clarke concluded that domestic
------ --------- ---- --------
NP VVD IN/that jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653884) PENN in sentence 4154781:
agencies , including the FAA , knew that the CSG believed a
-------- - --------- --- --- - ---- ---- --- --- -------- -
nns , VVG dt NP , VVD IN/that dt NP VVD dt
major al Qaeda attack was
----- -- ----- ------ ---
jj NP NP nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653885) PENN in sentence 4154782:
coming and could be in the United States .
------ --- ----- -- -- --- ------ ------ -
VVG cc md vb in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653886) PENN in sentence 4154783:
Although the FAA had authority to issue security directives
-------- --- --- --- --------- -- ----- -------- ----------
in dt NP VHD nn to VV nn nns
mandating new security
--------- --- --------
VVG jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653887) PENN in sentence 4154784:
procedures , none of the few that were released during the summer
---------- - ---- -- --- --- ---- ---- -------- ------ --- ------
nns , nn in dt jj wdt VBD VVN in dt nn
of 2001 increased
-- ---- ---------
in cd VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653888) PENN in sentence 4154785:
security at checkpoints or on board aircraft .
-------- -- ----------- -- -- ----- -------- -
nn in nns cc in nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653889) PENN in sentence 4154786:
The information circulars mostly urged
--- ----------- --------- ------ -----
dt nn nns rb VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653890) PENN in sentence 4154787:
air carriers to `` exercise prudence '' and be alert .
--- -------- -- -- -------- -------- -- --- -- ----- -
nn nns to `` VV nn '' cc vb jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653891) PENN in sentence 4154788:
Prior to 9/11 , the FAA did present
----- -- ---- - --- --- --- -------
rb to cd , dt NP VVD jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653892) PENN in sentence 4154789:
a CD-ROM to air carriers and airport authorities describing the
- ------ -- --- -------- --- ------- ----------- ---------- ---
dt NP to VV nns cc nn nns VVG dt
increased threat to
--------- ------ --
VVN nn to
]
[POS annotation set (6653893) PENN in sentence 4154790:
civil aviation .
----- -------- -
jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653894) PENN in sentence 4154791:
The presentation mentioned the possibility of suicide hijackings
--- ------------ --------- --- ----------- -- ------- ----------
dt nn VVD dt nn in nn nns
but
---
cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653895) PENN in sentence 4154792:
said that `` fortunately , we have no indication that any
---- ---- -- ----------- - -- ---- -- ---------- ---- ---
VVD IN/that `` rb , PP VHP dt nn IN/that dt
group is currently thinking
----- -- --------- --------
nn VBZ rb VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653896) PENN in sentence 4154793:
in that direction . ''
-- ---- --------- - --
in dt nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653897) PENN in sentence 4154794:
The FAA conducted 27 special security
--- --- --------- -- ------- --------
dt NP VVD cd jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653898) PENN in sentence 4154795:
briefings for specific air carriers between May 1, 2001 , and
--------- --- -------- --- -------- ------- --- -- ---- - ---
nns in jj nn nns in NP cd cd , cc
September 11, 2001 .
--------- --- ---- -
NP cd cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653899) PENN in sentence 4154796:
Two
---
cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653900) PENN in sentence 4154797:
of these briefings discussed the hijacking threat overseas .
-- ----- --------- --------- --- --------- ------ -------- -
in dt nns VVD dt VVG nn rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653901) PENN in sentence 4154798:
None discussed the
---- --------- ---
nn VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653902) PENN in sentence 4154799:
possibility of suicide hijackings or the use of aircraft as
----------- -- ------- ---------- -- --- --- -- -------- --
nn in nn nns cc dt nn in nn in
weapons .
------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653903) PENN in sentence 4154800:
No new security
-- --- --------
dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653904) PENN in sentence 4154801:
measures were instituted .
-------- ---- ---------- -
nns VBD VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653905) PENN in sentence 4154802:
Rice told us she understood that the FBI had tasked its 56
---- ---- -- --- ---------- ---- --- --- --- ------ --- --
NP VVD PP PP VVD IN/that dt NP VHD VVN PP$ cd
U.S. field offices to
---- ----- ------- --
NP nn nns to
]
[POS annotation set (6653906) PENN in sentence 4154803:
increase surveillance of suspected terrorists and to reach out to
-------- ------------ -- --------- ---------- --- -- ----- --- --
nn nn in jj nns cc to VV rp to
informants who
---------- ---
nns wp
]
[POS annotation set (6653907) PENN in sentence 4154804:
might have information about terrorist plots .
----- ---- ----------- ----- --------- ----- -
md VH nn in jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653908) PENN in sentence 4154805:
An NSC staff document at the time
-- --- ----- -------- -- --- ----
dt NP nn nn in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653909) PENN in sentence 4154806:
describes such a tasking as having occurred in late June but
--------- ---- - ------- -- ------ -------- -- ---- ---- ---
VVZ pdt dt VVG in VHG VVN in jj NP cc
does not indicate
---- --- --------
VVZ rb VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653910) PENN in sentence 4154807:
whether it was generated by the NSC or the FBI .
------- -- --- --------- -- --- --- -- --- --- -
in PP VBD VVN in dt NP cc dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653911) PENN in sentence 4154808:
Other than the previously described
----- ---- --- ---------- ---------
jj in dt rb VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653912) PENN in sentence 4154809:
April 13 communication sent to all FBI field offices , however ,
----- -- ------------- ---- -- --- --- ----- ------- - ------- -
NP cd nn VVD to dt NP nn nns , rb ,
the FBI could not
--- --- ----- ---
dt NP md rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653913) PENN in sentence 4154810:
find any record of having received such a directive .
---- --- ------ -- ------ -------- ---- - --------- -
VV dt nn in VHG VVN pdt dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653914) PENN in sentence 4154811:
The April 13 document asking
--- ----- -- -------- ------
dt NP cd nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6653915) PENN in sentence 4154812:
field offices to gather information on Sunni extremism did not
----- ------- -- ------ ----------- -- ----- --------- --- ---
nn nns to VV nn in NP nn VVD rb
mention any possible
------- --- --------
VV dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653916) PENN in sentence 4154813:
threat within the United States and did not order surveillance of
------ ------ --- ------ ------ --- --- --- ----- ------------ --
nn in dt NP NPS cc VVD rb VV nn in
suspected
---------
jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653917) PENN in sentence 4154814:
operatives .
---------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653918) PENN in sentence 4154815:
The NSC did not specify what the FBI 's directives should
--- --- --- --- ------- ---- --- --- -- ---------- ------
dt NP VVD rb VV wp dt NP POS nns md
contain and did
------- --- ---
VV cc VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653919) PENN in sentence 4154816:
not review what had been issued earlier .
--- ------ ---- --- ---- ------ ------- -
rb VV wp VHD VBN VVN rbr sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653920) PENN in sentence 4154817:
Acting FBI Director Pickard told us that in addition to his
------ --- -------- ------- ---- -- ---- -- -------- -- ---
VVG NP NP NP VVD PP IN/that in nn to PP$
July 19 conference call,
---- -- ---------- -----
NP cd nn NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653921) PENN in sentence 4154818:
he mentioned the heightened terrorist threat in individual calls
-- --------- --- ---------- --------- ------ -- ---------- -----
PP VVD dt jj jj nn in jj nns
with the special
---- --- -------
in dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653922) PENN in sentence 4154819:
agents in charge of field offices during their annual performance
------ -- ------ -- ----- ------- ------ ----- ------ -----------
nns in nn in nn nns in PP$ jj nn
review
------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653923) PENN in sentence 4154820:
discussions .
----------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653924) PENN in sentence 4154821:
In speaking with agents around the country , we found little
-- -------- ---- ------ ------ --- ------- - -- ----- ------
in VVG in nns in dt nn , PP VVD jj
evidence
--------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653925) PENN in sentence 4154822:
that any such concerns had reached FBI personnel beyond the
---- --- ---- -------- --- ------- --- --------- ------ ---
IN/that dt jj nns VHD VVN NP nns in dt
New York Field
--- ---- -----
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653926) PENN in sentence 4154823:
Office .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653927) PENN in sentence 4154824:
The head of counterterrorism at the FBI , Dale Watson , said he
--- ---- -- ---------------- -- --- --- - ---- ------ - ---- --
dt nn in nn in dt NP , NP NP , VVD PP
had many discussions
--- ---- -----------
VHD jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6653928) PENN in sentence 4154825:
about possible attacks with Cofer Black at the CIA .
----- -------- ------- ---- ----- ----- -- --- --- -
in jj nns in NP NP in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653929) PENN in sentence 4154826:
They had expected an attack on
---- --- -------- -- ------ --
PP VHD VVN dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653930) PENN in sentence 4154827:
July 4 .
---- - -
NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653931) PENN in sentence 4154828:
Watson said he felt deeply that something was going to happen
------ ---- -- ---- ------ ---- --------- --- ----- -- ------
NP VVD PP VVD rb IN/that nn VBD VVG to VV
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653932) PENN in sentence 4154829:
But he told
--- -- ----
cc PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6653933) PENN in sentence 4154830:
us the threat information was `` nebulous . ''
-- --- ------ ----------- --- -- -------- - --
PP dt nn nn VBD `` jj sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653934) PENN in sentence 4154831:
He wished he had known more .
-- ------ -- --- ----- ---- -
PP VVD PP VHD VVN rbr sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653935) PENN in sentence 4154832:
He wished he
-- ------ --
PP VVD PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653936) PENN in sentence 4154833:
had had `` 500 analysts looking at Usama Bin Ladin threat
--- --- -- --- -------- ------- -- ----- --- ----- ------
VHD VHN `` cd nns VVG in NP NP NP nn
information instead of
----------- ------- --
nn rb in
]
[POS annotation set (6653937) PENN in sentence 4154834:
two . ''
--- - --
cd sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6653938) PENN in sentence 4154835:
Attorney General Ashcroft was briefed by the CIA in May and by
-------- ------- -------- --- ------- -- --- --- -- --- --- --
NP NP NP VBD VVN in dt NP in NP cc in
Pickard in early July
------- -- ----- ----
NP in jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653939) PENN in sentence 4154836:
about the danger .
----- --- ------ -
in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653940) PENN in sentence 4154837:
Pickard said he met with Ashcroft once a week in late June ,
------- ---- -- --- ---- -------- ---- - ---- -- ---- ---- -
NP VVD PP VVD in NP in dt nn in jj NP ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653941) PENN in sentence 4154838:
through July , and twice in August .
------- ---- - --- ----- -- ------ -
in NP , cc rb in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653942) PENN in sentence 4154839:
There is a dispute regarding Ashcroft 's interest
----- -- - ------- --------- -------- -- --------
ex VBZ dt nn VVG NP POS nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653943) PENN in sentence 4154840:
in Pickard 's briefings about the terrorist threat situation
-- ------- -- --------- ----- --- --------- ------ ---------
in NP POS nns in dt jj nn nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653944) PENN in sentence 4154841:
Pickard told us that
------- ---- -- ----
NP VVD PP IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653945) PENN in sentence 4154842:
after two such briefings Ashcroft told him that he did not
----- --- ---- --------- -------- ---- --- ---- -- --- ---
in cd jj nns NP VVD PP IN/that PP VVD rb
want to hear about the
---- -- ---- ----- ---
VV to VV in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653946) PENN in sentence 4154843:
threats anymore .
------- ------- -
nns rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653947) PENN in sentence 4154844:
Ashcroft denies Pickard 's charge .
-------- ------ ------- -- ------ -
NP VVZ NP POS nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653948) PENN in sentence 4154845:
Pickard says he continued to
------- ---- -- --------- --
NP VVZ PP VVD to
]
[POS annotation set (6653949) PENN in sentence 4154846:
present terrorism information during further briefings that
------- --------- ----------- ------ ------- --------- ----
jj nn nn in jjr nns IN/that
summer , but nothing
------ - --- -------
nn , cc nn
]
[POS annotation set (6653950) PENN in sentence 4154847:
further on the `` chatter '' the U.S. government was receiving
------- -- --- -- ------- -- --- ---- ---------- --- ---------
rbr in dt `` nn '' dt NP nn VBD VVG
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653951) PENN in sentence 4154848:
The Attorney General told us he asked Pickard whether there was
--- -------- ------- ---- -- -- ----- ------- ------- ----- ---
dt NP NP VVD PP PP VVD NP in ex VBD
intelligence about
------------ -----
nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653952) PENN in sentence 4154849:
attacks in the United States and that Pickard said no .
------- -- --- ------ ------ --- ---- ------- ---- -- -
nns in dt NP NPS cc IN/that NP VVD rb sent
Pickard said he replied that
------- ---- -- ------- ----
NP VVD PP VVD IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6653953) PENN in sentence 4154850:
he could not assure Ashcroft that there would be no attacks in
-- ----- --- ------ -------- ---- ----- ----- -- -- ------- --
PP md rb VV NP IN/that ex md vb dt nns in
the United States ,
--- ------ ------ -
dt NP NPS ,
]
[POS annotation set (6653954) PENN in sentence 4154851:
although the reports of threats were related to overseas targets
-------- --- ------- -- ------- ---- ------- -- -------- -------
in dt nns in nns VBD VVN to jj nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653955) PENN in sentence 4154852:
Ashcroft said he
-------- ---- --
NP VVD PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653956) PENN in sentence 4154853:
therefore assumed the FBI was doing what it needed to do .
--------- ------- --- --- --- ----- ---- -- ------ -- -- -
rb VVN dt NP VBD VVG wp PP VVD to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653957) PENN in sentence 4154854:
He acknowledged that in
-- ------------ ---- --
PP VVD IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6653958) PENN in sentence 4154855:
retrospect , this was a dangerous assumption .
---------- - ---- --- - --------- ---------- -
nn , dt VBD dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653959) PENN in sentence 4154856:
He did not ask the FBI what it was
-- --- --- --- --- --- ---- -- ---
PP VVD rb VV dt NP wp PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6653960) PENN in sentence 4154857:
doing in response to the threats and did not task it to take any
----- -- -------- -- --- ------- --- --- --- ---- -- -- ---- ---
VVG in nn to dt nns cc VVD rb nn PP to VV dt
specific action .
-------- ------ -
jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653961) PENN in sentence 4154858:
He
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6653962) PENN in sentence 4154859:
also did not direct the INS , then still part of the Department
---- --- --- ------ --- --- - ---- ----- ---- -- --- ----------
rb VVD rb VV dt NP , rb rb nn in dt NP
of Justice , to take
-- ------- - -- ----
in NP , to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653963) PENN in sentence 4154860:
any specific action .
--- -------- ------ -
dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653964) PENN in sentence 4154861:
In sum , the domestic agencies never mobilized in response to the
-- --- - --- -------- -------- ----- --------- -- -------- -- ---
in nn , dt jj nns rb VVN in nn to dt
threat .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653965) PENN in sentence 4154862:
They did not
---- --- ---
PP VVD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6653966) PENN in sentence 4154863:
have direction , and did not have a plan to institute .
---- --------- - --- --- --- ---- - ---- -- --------- -
VHP nn , cc VVD rb VH dt nn to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653967) PENN in sentence 4154864:
The borders were not hardened .
--- ------- ---- --- -------- -
dt nns VBD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653968) PENN in sentence 4154865:
Transportation systems were not fortified .
-------------- ------- ---- --- --------- -
nn nns VBD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653969) PENN in sentence 4154866:
Electronic surveillance was not targeted
---------- ------------ --- --- --------
jj nn VBD rb VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6653970) PENN in sentence 4154867:
against a domestic threat .
------- - -------- ------ -
in dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653971) PENN in sentence 4154868:
State and local law enforcement were not marshaled to augment the
----- --- ----- --- ----------- ---- --- --------- -- ------- ---
nn cc jj nn nn VBD rb VVN to VV dt
FBI 's efforts .
--- -- ------- -
NP POS nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653972) PENN in sentence 4154869:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653973) PENN in sentence 4154870:
public was not warned .
------ --- --- ------ -
nn VBD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653974) PENN in sentence 4154871:
The terrorists exploited deep institutional failings within our
--- ---------- --------- ---- ------------- -------- ------ ---
dt nns VVN jj jj nns in PP$
government .
---------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653975) PENN in sentence 4154872:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653976) PENN in sentence 4154873:
question is whether extra vigilance might have turned up an
-------- -- ------- ----- --------- ----- ---- ------ -- --
nn VBZ in jj nn md VH VVN rp dt
opportunity to disrupt
----------- -- -------
nn to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6653977) PENN in sentence 4154874:
the plot .
--- ---- -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653978) PENN in sentence 4154875:
As seen in chapter 7 , al Qaeda's operatives made mistakes .
-- ---- -- ------- - - -- ------- ---------- ---- -------- -
in VVN in nn cd , NP NP nns VVD nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653979) PENN in sentence 4154876:
At least two
-- ----- ---
in jjs cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653980) PENN in sentence 4154877:
such mistakes created opportunities during 2001 , especially in
---- -------- ------- ------------- ------ ---- - ---------- --
jj nns VVD nns in cd , rb in
late August .
---- ------ -
jj NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653981) PENN in sentence 4154878:
LATE LEADS-MIHDHAR , MOUSSAOUI , AND KSM
---- ------------- - --------- - --- ---
jj NP , NP , cc NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653982) PENN in sentence 4154879:
In chapter 6 we discussed how intelligence agencies successfully
-- ------- - -- --------- --- ------------ -------- ------------
in nn cd PP VVD wrb nn nns rb
detected some of the
-------- ---- -- ---
VVD dt in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6653983) PENN in sentence 4154880:
early travel in the planes operation , picking up the movements
----- ------ -- --- ------ --------- - ------- -- --- ---------
jj nn in dt nns nn , VVG rp dt nns
of Khalid al Mihdhar
-- ------ -- -------
in NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653984) PENN in sentence 4154881:
and identifying him , and seeing his travel converge with someone
--- ----------- --- - --- ------ --- ------ -------- ---- -------
cc VVG PP , cc VVG PP$ nn VV in nn
they perhaps could
---- ------- -----
PP rb md
]
[POS annotation set (6653985) PENN in sentence 4154882:
have identified but did not- Nawaf al Hazmi -as well as with less
---- ---------- --- --- ---- ----- -- ----- --- ---- -- ---- ----
VHP VVN cc VVD NP NP NP NP nns rb rb in rbr
easily identifiable
------ ------------
rb jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653986) PENN in sentence 4154883:
people such as Khallad and Abu Bara .
------ ---- -- ------- --- --- ---- -
nns jj in NP cc NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653987) PENN in sentence 4154884:
These observations occurred in December 1999
----- ------------ -------- -- -------- ----
dt nns VVD in NP cd
]
[POS annotation set (6653988) PENN in sentence 4154885:
and January 2000 .
--- ------- ---- -
cc NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653989) PENN in sentence 4154886:
The trail had been lost in January 2000 without a clear
--- ----- --- ---- ---- -- ------- ---- ------- - -----
dt nn VHD VBN VVN in NP cd in dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653990) PENN in sentence 4154887:
realization that it had been lost , and without much effort to
----------- ---- -- --- ---- ---- - --- ------- ---- ------ --
nn IN/that PP VHD VBN VVN , cc in jj nn to
pick it up again .
---- -- -- ----- -
VV PP rp rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653991) PENN in sentence 4154888:
Nor
---
cc
]
[POS annotation set (6653992) PENN in sentence 4154889:
had the CIA placed Mihdhar on the State Department 's watchlist
--- --- --- ------ ------- -- --- ----- ---------- -- ---------
VHD dt NP VVD NP in dt NP NP POS nn
for suspected
--- ---------
in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6653993) PENN in sentence 4154890:
terrorists , so that either an embassy or a port of entry
---------- - -- ---- ------ -- ------- -- - ---- -- -----
nns , rb IN/that rb dt nn cc dt nn in nn
might take note if Mihdhar
----- ---- ---- -- -------
md VV nn in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653994) PENN in sentence 4154891:
showed up again .
------ -- ----- -
VVD rp rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653995) PENN in sentence 4154892:
On four occasions in 2001 , the CIA , the FBI , or both had
-- ---- --------- -- ---- - --- --- - --- --- - -- ---- ---
in cd nns in cd , dt NP , dt NP , cc cc VHD
apparent opportunities to
-------- ------------- --
jj nns to
]
[POS annotation set (6653996) PENN in sentence 4154893:
refocus on the significance of Hazmi and Mihdhar and reinvigorate
------- -- --- ------------ -- ----- --- ------- --- ------------
VV in dt nn in NP cc NP cc VV
the search for
--- ------ ---
dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6653997) PENN in sentence 4154894:
them .
---- -
PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6653998) PENN in sentence 4154895:
After reviewing those episodes we will turn to the handling of
----- --------- ----- -------- -- ---- ---- -- --- -------- --
in VVG dt nns PP md VV to dt nn in
the Moussaoui
--- ---------
dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6653999) PENN in sentence 4154896:
case and some late leads regarding Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
---- --- ---- ---- ----- --------- ------ ------ -------- -
nn cc dt jj nns VVG NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654000) PENN in sentence 4154897:
January 2001 : Identification of Khallad
------- ---- - -------------- -- -------
NP cd : nn in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654001) PENN in sentence 4154898:
Almost one year after the original trail had been lost in Bangkok
------ --- ---- ----- --- -------- ----- --- ---- ---- -- -------
rb cd nn in dt jj nn VHD VBN VVN in NP
, the FBI and the
- --- --- --- ---
, dt NP cc dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654002) PENN in sentence 4154899:
CIA were working on the investigation of the Cole bombing .
--- ---- ------- -- --- ------------- -- --- ---- ------- -
NP VBD VVG in dt nn in dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654003) PENN in sentence 4154900:
They learned of the link
---- ------- -- --- ----
PP VVD in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654004) PENN in sentence 4154901:
between a captured conspirator and a person called `` Khallad
------- - -------- ----------- --- - ------ ------ -- -------
in dt VVN nn cc dt nn VVN `` NP
. ''
- --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654005) PENN in sentence 4154902:
They also learned that
---- ---- ------- ----
PP rb VVD IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654006) PENN in sentence 4154903:
Khallad was a senior security official for Bin Ladin who had
------- --- - ------ -------- -------- --- --- ----- --- ---
NP VBD dt jj nn nn in NP NP wp VHD
helped direct the
------ ------ ---
VVN VV dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654007) PENN in sentence 4154904:
bombing ( we introduced Khallad in chapter 5 , and returned to
------- - -- ---------- ------- -- ------- - - --- -------- --
nn ( PP VVD nn in nn cd , cc VVD to
his role in the Cole
--- ---- -- --- ----
PP$ nn in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654008) PENN in sentence 4154905:
bombing in chapter 6 ) .55 One of the members of the FBI 's
------- -- ------- - - --- --- -- --- ------- -- --- --- --
nn in nn cd ) cd cd in dt nns in dt NP POS
investigative team in Yemen
------------- ---- -- -----
jj nn in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654009) PENN in sentence 4154906:
realized that he had heard of Khallad before , from a joint
-------- ---- -- --- ----- -- ------- ------ - ---- - -----
VVD IN/that PP VHD VVN in nn rb , in dt jj
FBI / CIA source four
--- - --- ------ ----
NP sym NP nn cd
]
[POS annotation set (6654010) PENN in sentence 4154907:
months earlier .
------ ------- -
nns rbr sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654011) PENN in sentence 4154908:
The FBI agent obtained from a foreign government a photo of the
--- --- ----- -------- ---- - ------- ---------- - ----- -- ---
dt NP nn VVN in dt jj nn dt nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654012) PENN in sentence 4154909:
person believed to have directed the Cole bombing .
------ -------- -- ---- -------- --- ---- ------- -
nn VVD to VH VVN dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654013) PENN in sentence 4154910:
It was shown to the source , and
-- --- ----- -- --- ------ - ---
PP VBD VVN to dt nn , cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654014) PENN in sentence 4154911:
he confirmed that the man in that photograph was the same
-- --------- ---- --- --- -- ---- ---------- --- --- ----
PP VVD IN/that dt nn in dt nn VBD dt jj
Khallad he had
------- -- ---
nn PP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654015) PENN in sentence 4154912:
described .
--------- -
VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654016) PENN in sentence 4154913:
In December 2000 , on the basis of some links associated with
-- -------- ---- - -- --- ----- -- ---- ----- ---------- ----
in NP cd , in dt nn in dt nns VVN in
Khalid al Mihdhar , the
------ -- ------- - ---
NP NP NP , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654017) PENN in sentence 4154914:
CIA 's Bin Ladin unit speculated that Khallad and Khalid al
--- -- --- ----- ---- ---------- ---- ------- --- ------ --
NP POS NP NP nn VVD IN/that NP cc NP NP
Mihdhar might be one and
------- ----- -- --- ---
NP md vb cd cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654018) PENN in sentence 4154915:
the same .
--- ---- -
dt jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654019) PENN in sentence 4154916:
The CIA asked that a Kuala Lumpur surveillance photo of
--- --- ----- ---- - ----- ------ ------------ ----- --
dt NP VVD IN/that dt NP NP nn nn in
Mihdhar be shown to the joint
------- -- ----- -- --- -----
NP vb VVN to dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654020) PENN in sentence 4154917:
source who had identified Khallad .
------ --- --- ---------- ------- -
nn wp VHD VVN NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654021) PENN in sentence 4154918:
In early January 2001 , two photographs from the
-- ----- ------- ---- - --- ----------- ---- ---
in jj NP cd , cd nns in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654022) PENN in sentence 4154919:
Kuala Lumpur meeting were shown to the source .
----- ------ ------- ---- ----- -- --- ------ -
NP NP nn VBD VVN to dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654023) PENN in sentence 4154920:
One was a known photograph of
--- --- - ----- ---------- --
PP VBD dt VVN nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654024) PENN in sentence 4154921:
Mihdhar , the other a photograph of a then unknown subject .
------- - --- ----- - ---------- -- - ---- ------- ------- -
NP , dt jj dt nn in dt rb jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654025) PENN in sentence 4154922:
The source did not
--- ------ --- ---
dt nn VVD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654026) PENN in sentence 4154923:
recognize Mihdhar .
--------- ------- -
VV NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654027) PENN in sentence 4154924:
But he indicated he was 90 percent certain that the other
--- -- --------- -- --- -- ------- ------- ---- --- -----
cc PP VVD PP VBD cd nn jj IN/that dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654028) PENN in sentence 4154925:
individual was Khallad .
---------- --- ------- -
nn VBD NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654029) PENN in sentence 4154926:
This meant that Khallad and Mihdhar were two different people
---- ----- ---- ------- --- ------- ---- --- --------- ------
dt VVD IN/that NP cc NP VBD cd jj nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654030) PENN in sentence 4154927:
It also meant that
-- ---- ----- ----
PP rb VVD IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654031) PENN in sentence 4154928:
there was a link between Khallad and Mihdhar , making Mihdhar
----- --- - ---- ------- ------- --- ------- - ------ -------
ex VBD dt nn in NP cc NP , VVG NP
seem even more
---- ---- ----
VVP rb jjr
]
[POS annotation set (6654032) PENN in sentence 4154929:
suspicious.59Yet we found no effort by the CIA to renew the long-
---------------- -- ----- -- ------ -- --- --- -- ----- --- -----
nn PP VVD dt nn in dt NP to VV dt jj
abandoned search
--------- ------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654033) PENN in sentence 4154930:
for Mihdhar or his travel companions .
--- ------- -- --- ------ ---------- -
in NP cc PP$ nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654034) PENN in sentence 4154931:
In addition , we found that the CIA did not notify the FBI of
-- -------- - -- ----- ---- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --
in nn , PP VVD IN/that dt NP VVD rb VV dt NP in
this identification .
---- -------------- -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654035) PENN in sentence 4154932:
DCITenet and Cofer Black testified before Congress 's Joint
-------- --- ----- ----- --------- ------ -------- -- -----
NP cc NP NP VVD in NP POS NP
Inquiry into 9/11 that
------- ---- ---- ----
NP in cd IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654036) PENN in sentence 4154933:
the FBI had access to this identification from the beginning .
--- --- --- ------ -- ---- -------------- ---- --- --------- -
dt NP VHD nn to dt nn in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654037) PENN in sentence 4154934:
But drawing on an
--- ------- -- --
cc VVG in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654038) PENN in sentence 4154935:
extensive record , including documents that were not available to
--------- ------ - --------- --------- ---- ---- --- --------- --
jj nn , VVG nns wdt VBD rb jj to
the CIA personnel
--- --- ---------
dt NP nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654039) PENN in sentence 4154936:
who drafted that testimony , we conclude this was not the case
--- ------- ---- --------- - -- -------- ---- --- --- --- ----
wp VVD dt nn , PP VVP dt VBD rb dt nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654040) PENN in sentence 4154937:
The FBI 's primary
--- --- -- -------
dt NP POS jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654041) PENN in sentence 4154938:
Cole investigators had no knowledge that Khallad had been in
---- ------------- --- -- --------- ---- ------- --- ---- --
NP nns VHD dt nn IN/that NP VHD VBN in
Kuala Lumpur with
----- ------ ----
NP NP in
]
[POS annotation set (6654042) PENN in sentence 4154939:
Mihdhar and others until after the September 11 attacks .
------- --- ------ ----- ----- --- --------- -- ------- -
NP cc nns in in dt NP cd nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654043) PENN in sentence 4154940:
Because the FBI had not
------- --- --- --- ---
in dt NP VHD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654044) PENN in sentence 4154941:
been informed in January 2000 about Mihdhar 's possession of a
---- -------- -- ------- ---- ----- ------- -- ---------- -- -
VBN VVN in NP cd in NP POS nn in dt
U.S. visa , it had not
---- ---- - -- --- ---
NP nn , PP VHD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654045) PENN in sentence 4154942:
then started looking for him in the United States .
---- ------- ------- --- --- -- --- ------ ------ -
rb VVD VVG in PP in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654046) PENN in sentence 4154943:
Because it did not know of the
------- -- --- --- ---- -- ---
in PP VVD rb VV in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654047) PENN in sentence 4154944:
links between Khallad and Mihdhar , it did not start looking for
----- ------- ------- --- ------- - -- --- --- ----- ------- ---
nns in NP cc NP , PP VVD rb VV VVG in
him in January
--- -- -------
PP in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654048) PENN in sentence 4154945:
2001 .
---- -
cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654049) PENN in sentence 4154946:
This incident is an example of how day-to-day gaps in
---- -------- -- -- ------- -- --- ---------- ---- --
dt nn VBZ dt nn in wrb jj nns in
information sharing can emerge
----------- ------- --- ------
nn nn md VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654050) PENN in sentence 4154947:
even when there is mutual goodwill .
---- ---- ----- -- ------ -------- -
rb wrb ex VBZ jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654051) PENN in sentence 4154948:
The information was from a joint FBI / CIA source
--- ----------- --- ---- - ----- --- - --- ------
dt nn VBD in dt jj NP sym NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654052) PENN in sentence 4154949:
who spoke essentially no English and whose languages were not
--- ----- ----------- -- ------- --- ----- --------- ---- ---
wp VVD rb rb jj cc wp$ nns VBD rb
understood by the FBI
---------- -- --- ---
VVN in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654053) PENN in sentence 4154950:
agent on the scene overseas .
----- -- --- ----- -------- -
nn in dt nn rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654054) PENN in sentence 4154951:
Issues of travel and security necessarily kept short
------ -- ------ --- -------- ----------- ---- -----
nns in nn cc nn rb VVD jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654055) PENN in sentence 4154952:
the amount of time spent with the source .
--- ------ -- ---- ----- ---- --- ------ -
dt nn in nn VVN in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654056) PENN in sentence 4154953:
As a result , the CIA officer usually did
-- - ------ - --- --- ------- ------- ---
in dt nn , dt NP nn rb VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654057) PENN in sentence 4154954:
not translate either questions or answers for his FBI colleague
--- --------- ------ --------- -- ------- --- --- --- ---------
rb VV dt nns cc nns in PP$ NP nn
and friend .
--- ------ -
cc nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654058) PENN in sentence 4154955:
For interviews without simultaneous translation , the FBI agent
--- ---------- ------- ------------ ----------- - --- --- -----
in nns in jj nn , dt NP nn
on the scene received
-- --- ----- --------
in dt nn VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654059) PENN in sentence 4154956:
copies of the reports that the CIA disseminated to other
------ -- --- ------- ---- --- --- ------------ -- -----
nns in dt nns IN/that dt NP VVN to jj
agencies regarding the
-------- --------- ---
nns VVG dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654060) PENN in sentence 4154957:
interviews .
---------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654061) PENN in sentence 4154958:
But he was not given access to the CIA 's internal operational
--- -- --- --- ----- ------ -- --- --- -- -------- -----------
cc PP VBD rb VVN nn to dt NP POS jj jj
reports,
--------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654062) PENN in sentence 4154959:
which contained more detail .
----- --------- ---- ------ -
wdt VVD jjr nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654063) PENN in sentence 4154960:
It was there-in reporting to which FBI investigators
-- --- -------- --------- -- ----- --- -------------
PP VBD rb VVG to wdt NP nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654064) PENN in sentence 4154961:
did not have access-that information regarding the January 2001
--- --- ---- ----------- ----------- --------- --- ------- ----
VVD rb VH nn nn VVG dt NP cd
identification of
-------------- --
nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654065) PENN in sentence 4154962:
Khallad appeared .
------- -------- -
NP VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654066) PENN in sentence 4154963:
The CIA officer does not recall this particular identification
--- --- ------- ---- --- ------ ---- ---------- --------------
dt NP nn VVZ rb VV dt jj nn
and
---
cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654067) PENN in sentence 4154964:
thus can not say why it was not shared with his FBI colleague
---- --- --- --- --- -- --- --- ------ ---- --- --- ---------
rb md rb VV wrb PP VBD rb VVN in PP$ NP nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654068) PENN in sentence 4154965:
He might not have
-- ----- --- ----
PP md rb VH
]
[POS annotation set (6654069) PENN in sentence 4154966:
understood the possible significance of the new identification
---------- --- -------- ------------ -- --- --- --------------
VVN dt jj nn in dt jj nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654070) PENN in sentence 4154967:
In June 2000 , Mihdhar left California and returned to Yemen .
-- ---- ---- - ------- ---- ---------- --- -------- -- ----- -
in NP cd , NP VVD NP cc VVD to NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654071) PENN in sentence 4154968:
It is possible that if,
-- -- -------- ---- ---
PP VBZ jj IN/that NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654072) PENN in sentence 4154969:
in January 2001 , the CIA had resumed its search for him , placed
-- ------- ---- - --- --- --- ------- --- ------ --- --- - ------
in NP cd , dt NP VHD VVN PP$ nn in PP , VVD
him on the State
--- -- --- -----
PP in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654073) PENN in sentence 4154970:
Department's TIPOFF watchlist , or provided the FBI with the
------------ ------ --------- - -- -------- --- --- ---- ---
NP NP nn , cc VVD dt NP in dt
information , he might
----------- - -- -----
nn , PP md
]
[POS annotation set (6654074) PENN in sentence 4154971:
have been found-either before or at the time he applied for a
---- ---- ------------ ------ -- -- --- ---- -- ------- --- -
VHP VBN jj in cc in dt nn PP VVD in dt
new visa in June 2001 ,
--- ---- -- ---- ---- -
jj nn in NP cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654075) PENN in sentence 4154972:
or when he returned to the United States on July 4 .
-- ---- -- -------- -- --- ------ ------ -- ---- - -
cc wrb PP VVD to dt NP NPS in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654076) PENN in sentence 4154973:
Spring 2001 : Looking Again at Kuala Lumpur
------ ---- - ------- ----- -- ----- ------
nn cd : VVG rb in NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654077) PENN in sentence 4154974:
By mid- May 2001 , as the threat reports were surging , a CIA
-- ---- --- ---- - -- --- ------ ------- ---- ------- - - ---
in nn NP cd , in dt nn nns VBD VVG , dt NP
official detailed to the
-------- -------- -- ---
nn jj to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654078) PENN in sentence 4154975:
International Terrorism Operations Section at the FBI wondered
------------- --------- ---------- ------- -- --- --- --------
NP NP NP NP in dt NP VVD
where the attacks
----- --- -------
wrb dt nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654079) PENN in sentence 4154976:
might occur .
----- ----- -
md VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654080) PENN in sentence 4154977:
We will call him `` John . ''
-- ---- ---- --- -- ---- - --
PP md VV PP `` NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654081) PENN in sentence 4154978:
Recalling the episode about the Kuala Lumpur
--------- --- ------- ----- --- ----- ------
VVG dt nn in dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654082) PENN in sentence 4154979:
travel of Mihdhar and his associates , `` John '' searched the
------ -- ------- --- --- ---------- - -- ---- -- -------- ---
nn in NP cc PP$ nns , `` NP '' VVD dt
CIA 's databases for
--- -- --------- ---
NP POS nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654083) PENN in sentence 4154980:
information regarding the travel .
----------- --------- --- ------ -
nn VVG dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654084) PENN in sentence 4154981:
On May 15 , he and an official at the CIA
-- --- -- - -- --- -- -------- -- --- ---
in NP cd , PP cc dt nn in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654085) PENN in sentence 4154982:
reexamined many of the old cables from early 2000 , including the
---------- ---- -- --- --- ------ ---- ----- ---- - --------- ---
VVN jj in dt jj nns in jj cd , VVG dt
information that
----------- ----
nn IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654086) PENN in sentence 4154983:
Mihdhar had a U.S. visa , and that Hazmi had come to Los
------- --- - ---- ---- - --- ---- ----- --- ---- -- ---
NP VHD dt NP nn , cc IN/that NP VHD VVN to NP
Angeles on January 15 ,
------- -- ------- -- -
NP in NP cd ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654087) PENN in sentence 4154984:
2000 .
---- -
cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654088) PENN in sentence 4154985:
The CIA official who reviewed the cables took no action regarding
--- --- -------- --- -------- --- ------ ---- -- ------ ---------
dt NP nn wp VVD dt nns VVD dt nn VVG
them .
---- -
PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654089) PENN in sentence 4154986:
'' John , ''
-- ---- - --
'' NP , ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654090) PENN in sentence 4154987:
however , began a lengthy exchange with a CIA analyst , whom we
------- - ----- - ------- -------- ---- - --- ------- - ---- --
rb , VVD dt jj nn in dt NP nn , wp PP
will call `` Dave , '' to
---- ---- -- ---- - -- --
md VV `` jj , '' to
]
[POS annotation set (6654091) PENN in sentence 4154988:
figure out what these cables meant .
------ --- ---- ----- ------ ----- -
nn in wp dt nns VVD sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654092) PENN in sentence 4154989:
'' John '' was aware of how dangerous Khallad was-at
-- ---- -- --- ----- -- --- --------- ------- ------
'' NP '' VBD jj in wrb jj NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654093) PENN in sentence 4154990:
one point calling him a `` major league killer . ''
--- ----- ------- --- - -- ----- ------ ------ - --
cd nn VVG PP dt `` jj nn nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654094) PENN in sentence 4154991:
He concluded that `` something bad was
-- --------- ---- -- --------- --- ---
PP VVD IN/that `` nn jj VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654095) PENN in sentence 4154992:
definitely up . ''
---------- -- - --
rb rb sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654096) PENN in sentence 4154993:
Despite the U.S. links evident in this traffic , '' John '' made
------- --- ---- ----- ------- -- ---- ------- - -- ---- -- ----
in dt NP nns jj in dt nn , '' NP '' VVD
no effort
-- ------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654097) PENN in sentence 4154994:
to determine whether any of these individuals was in the United
-- --------- ------- --- -- ----- ----------- --- -- --- ------
to VV in dt in dt nns VBD in dt NP
States .
------ -
NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654098) PENN in sentence 4154995:
He did not
-- --- ---
PP VVD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654099) PENN in sentence 4154996:
raise that possibility with his FBI counterpart .
----- ---- ----------- ---- --- --- ----------- -
VV dt nn in PP$ NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654100) PENN in sentence 4154997:
He was focused on Malaysia .
-- --- ------- -- -------- -
PP VBD VVN in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654101) PENN in sentence 4154998:
'' John" described the CIA as an agency that tended to play a ``
-- ----- --------- --- --- -- -- ------ ---- ------ -- ---- - --
'' NP VVD dt NP in dt nn wdt VVD to VV dt ``
zone defense . ''
---- ------- - --
nn nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654102) PENN in sentence 4154999:
He was
-- ---
PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654103) PENN in sentence 4155000:
worrying solely about Southeast Asia , not the United States .
-------- ------ ----- --------- ---- - --- --- ------ ------ -
VVG rb in NP NP , rb dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654104) PENN in sentence 4155001:
In contrast , he told
-- -------- - -- ----
in nn , PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654105) PENN in sentence 4155002:
us , the FBI tends to play `` man-to-man . ''
-- - --- --- ----- -- ---- -- ---------- - --
PP , dt NP VVZ to VV `` jj sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654106) PENN in sentence 4155003:
Desk officers at the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit did not have `` cases
---- -------- -- --- --- -- --- ----- ---- --- --- ---- -- -----
nn nns in dt NP POS NP NP nn VVD rb VH `` nns
'' in the same sense as
-- -- --- ---- ----- --
'' in dt jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654107) PENN in sentence 4155004:
an FBI agent who works an investigation from beginning to end
-- --- ----- --- ----- -- ------------- ---- --------- -- ---
dt NP nn wp VVZ dt nn in VVG to VV
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654108) PENN in sentence 4155005:
Thus , when the trail
---- - ---- --- -----
rb , wrb dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654109) PENN in sentence 4155006:
went cold after the Kuala Lumpur meeting in January 2000 , the
---- ---- ----- --- ----- ------ ------- -- ------- ---- - ---
VVD jj in dt NP NP nn in NP cd , dt
desk officer moved on
---- ------- ----- --
nn nn VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6654110) PENN in sentence 4155007:
to different things .
-- --------- ------ -
to jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654111) PENN in sentence 4155008:
By the time the March 2000 cable arrived with information that
-- --- ---- --- ----- ---- ----- ------- ---- ----------- ----
in dt nn dt NP cd nn VVN in nn IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654112) PENN in sentence 4155009:
one of the travelers had flown to Los Angeles , the case officer
--- -- --- --------- --- ----- -- --- ------- - --- ---- -------
cd in dt nns VHD VVN to NP NP , dt nn nn
was no longer
--- -- ------
VBD rb rbr
]
[POS annotation set (6654113) PENN in sentence 4155010:
responsible for follow-up .
----------- --- --------- -
jj in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654114) PENN in sentence 4155011:
While several individuals at the Bin Ladin unit opened
----- ------- ----------- -- --- --- ----- ---- ------
in jj nns in dt NP NP nn VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654115) PENN in sentence 4155012:
the cable when it arrived in March 2000 , no action was taken
--- ----- ---- -- ------- -- ----- ---- - -- ------ --- -----
dt nn wrb PP VVD in NP cd , dt nn VBD VVN
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654116) PENN in sentence 4155013:
The CIA 's zone defense concentrated on `` where , '' not `` who
--- --- -- ---- ------- ------------ -- -- ----- - -- --- -- ---
dt NP POS nn nn VVN in `` wrb , '' rb `` wp
. ''
- --
sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654117) PENN in sentence 4155014:
Had its information been
--- --- ----------- ----
VHD PP$ nn VBN
]
[POS annotation set (6654118) PENN in sentence 4155015:
shared with the FBI , a combination of the CIA 's zone defense
------ ---- --- --- - - ----------- -- --- --- -- ---- -------
VVN in dt NP , dt nn in dt NP POS nn nn
and the FBI 's
--- --- --- --
cc dt NP POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654119) PENN in sentence 4155016:
man-to-man approach might have been productive .
---------- -------- ----- ---- ---- ---------- -
jj nn md VH VBN jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654120) PENN in sentence 4155017:
June 2001 : The Meeting in New York
---- ---- - --- ------- -- --- ----
NP cd : dt VVG in NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654121) PENN in sentence 4155018:
'' John 's '' review of the Kuala Lumpur meeting did set off
-- ---- -- -- ------ -- --- ----- ------ ------- --- --- ---
'' NP POS '' nn in dt NP NP nn VVD VV rp
some more sharing of
---- ---- ------- --
dt jjr nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654122) PENN in sentence 4155019:
information , getting the attention of an FBI analyst whom we
----------- - ------- --- --------- -- -- --- ------- ---- --
nn , VVG dt nn in dt NP nn wp PP
will call `` Jane . ''
---- ---- -- ---- - --
md VV `` NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654123) PENN in sentence 4155020:
'' Jane '' was assigned to the FBI 's Cole investigation .
-- ---- -- --- -------- -- --- --- -- ---- ------------- -
'' NP '' VBD VVN to dt NP POS NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654124) PENN in sentence 4155021:
She knew that another terrorist
--- ---- ---- ------- ---------
PP VVD IN/that dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654125) PENN in sentence 4155022:
involved in that operation , Fahd al Quso , had traveled to
-------- -- ---- --------- - ---- -- ---- - --- -------- --
VVN in dt nn , NP NP NP , VHD VVN to
Bangkok in January 2000 to
------- -- ------- ---- --
NP in NP cd to
]
[POS annotation set (6654126) PENN in sentence 4155023:
give money to Khallad .
---- ----- -- ------- -
VV nn to NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654127) PENN in sentence 4155024:
'' Jane '' and the CIA analyst , '' Dave , '' had been working
-- ---- -- --- --- --- ------- - -- ---- - -- --- ---- -------
'' NP '' cc dt NP nn , '' NP , '' VHD VBN VVG
together on Colerelated issues .
-------- -- ----------- ------ -
rb in jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654128) PENN in sentence 4155025:
Chasing Quso 's trail , `` Dave '' suggested showing some
------- ---- -- ----- - -- ---- -- --------- ------- ----
VVG NP POS nn , `` NP '' VVD VVG dt
photographs to FBI agents in New
----------- -- --- ------ -- ---
nns to NP nns in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654129) PENN in sentence 4155026:
York who were working on the Cole case and had interviewed Quso
---- --- ---- ------- -- --- ---- ---- --- --- ----------- ----
NP wp VBD VVG in dt NP nn cc VHD VVN NP
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654130) PENN in sentence 4155027:
'' John '' gave three Kuala Lumpur surveillance pictures to ``
-- ---- -- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------------ -------- -- --
'' NP '' VVD cd NP NP nn nns to ``
Jane '' to show to the New
---- -- -- ---- -- --- ---
NP '' to VV to dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654131) PENN in sentence 4155028:
York agents .
---- ------ -
NP nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654132) PENN in sentence 4155029:
She was told that one of the individuals in the photographs
--- --- ---- ---- --- -- --- ----------- -- --- -----------
PP VBD VVN IN/that cd in dt nns in dt nns
was someone
--- -------
VBD nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654133) PENN in sentence 4155030:
named Khalid al Mihdhar .
----- ------ -- ------- -
VVN NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654134) PENN in sentence 4155031:
She did not know why the photographs had been taken or why
--- --- --- ---- --- --- ----------- --- ---- ----- -- ---
PP VVD rb VV wrb dt nns VHD VBN VVN cc wrb
]
[POS annotation set (6654135) PENN in sentence 4155032:
the Kuala Lumpur travel might be significant , and she was not
--- ----- ------ ------ ----- -- ----------- - --- --- --- ---
dt NP NP nn md vb jj , cc PP VBD rb
told that someone had
---- ---- ------- ---
VVN IN/that nn VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654136) PENN in sentence 4155033:
identified Khallad in the photographs .
---------- ------- -- --- ----------- -
VVN nn in dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654137) PENN in sentence 4155034:
When `` Jane '' did some research in a database
---- -- ---- -- --- ---- -------- -- - --------
wrb `` NP '' VVD dt nn in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654138) PENN in sentence 4155035:
for intelligence reports , Intelink , she found the original NSA
--- ------------ ------- - -------- - --- ----- --- -------- ---
in nn nns , NP , PP VVD dt jj NP
reports on the
------- -- ---
nns in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654139) PENN in sentence 4155036:
planning for the meeting .
-------- --- --- ------- -
VVG in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654140) PENN in sentence 4155037:
Because the CIA had not disseminated reports on its
------- --- --- --- --- ------------ ------- -- ---
in dt NP VHD rb VVN nns in PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6654141) PENN in sentence 4155038:
tracking of Mihdhar , `` Jane '' did not pull up any information
-------- -- ------- - -- ---- -- --- --- ---- -- --- -----------
VVG in NP , `` NP '' VVD rb VV rp dt nn
about Mihdhar 's U.S. visa
----- ------- -- ---- ----
in NP POS NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654142) PENN in sentence 4155039:
or about travel to the United States by Hazmi or Mihdhar .
-- ----- ------ -- --- ------ ------ -- ----- -- ------- -
cc rb VV to dt NP NPS in NP cc NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654143) PENN in sentence 4155040:
'' Jane , '' '' Dave , '' and an FBI analyst who was on detail to
-- ---- - -- -- ---- - -- --- -- --- ------- --- --- -- ------ --
'' NP , '' '' NP , '' cc dt NP nn wp VBD in nn to
the CIA 's Bin Ladin unit went
--- --- -- --- ----- ---- ----
dt NP POS NP NP nn VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654144) PENN in sentence 4155041:
to New York on June 11 to meet with the agents about the Cole
-- --- ---- -- ---- -- -- ---- ---- --- ------ ----- --- ----
to NP NP in NP cd to VV in dt nns in dt NP
case .
---- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654145) PENN in sentence 4155042:
'' Jane '' brought
-- ---- -- -------
'' NP '' VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654146) PENN in sentence 4155043:
the surveillance pictures .
--- ------------ -------- -
dt nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654147) PENN in sentence 4155044:
At some point in the meeting she showed the photographs
-- ---- ----- -- --- ------- --- ------ --- -----------
in dt nn in dt nn PP VVD dt nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654148) PENN in sentence 4155045:
to the agents and asked whether they recognized Quso in any of
-- --- ------ --- ----- ------- ---- ---------- ---- -- --- --
to dt nns cc VVD in PP VVD NP in dt in
them .
---- -
PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654149) PENN in sentence 4155046:
The agents
--- ------
dt nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654150) PENN in sentence 4155047:
asked questions about the photographs- Why were they taken ?
----- --------- ----- --- ------------ --- ---- ---- ----- -
VVN nns in dt nn wrb VBD PP VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654151) PENN in sentence 4155048:
Why were these people
--- ---- ----- ------
wrb VBD dt nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654152) PENN in sentence 4155049:
being followed ?
----- -------- -
VBG VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654153) PENN in sentence 4155050:
Where are the rest of the photographs ?
----- --- --- ---- -- --- ----------- -
wrb vbp dt nn in dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654154) PENN in sentence 4155051:
The only information `` Jane '' had about the meeting-other than
--- ---- ----------- -- ---- -- --- ----- --- ------------- ----
dt jj nn `` NP '' VHD rb dt nn in
the photographs-were the
--- ---------------- ---
dt nn dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654155) PENN in sentence 4155052:
NSA reports that she had found on Intelink .
--- ------- ---- --- --- ----- -- -------- -
NP VVZ IN/that PP VHD VVN in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654156) PENN in sentence 4155053:
These reports , however , contained
----- ------- - ------- - ---------
dt nns , rb , VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654157) PENN in sentence 4155054:
caveats that their contents could not be shared with criminal
------- ---- ----- -------- ----- --- -- ------ ---- --------
nns IN/that PP$ nns md rb vb VVN in jj
investigators without
------------- -------
nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654158) PENN in sentence 4155055:
the permission of the Justice Department 's Office of
--- ---------- -- --- ------- ---------- -- ------ --
dt nn in dt NP NP POS NP in
Intelligence Policy and Review
------------ ------ --- ------
NP NP cc NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654159) PENN in sentence 4155056:
( OIPR ) .
- ---- - -
( NP ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654160) PENN in sentence 4155057:
Therefore `` Jane '' concluded that she could not pass on
--------- -- ---- -- --------- ---- --- ----- --- ---- --
rb `` NP '' VVD IN/that PP md rb VV in
information from those
----------- ---- -----
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654161) PENN in sentence 4155058:
reports to the agents .
------- -- --- ------ -
nns to dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654162) PENN in sentence 4155059:
This decision was potentially significant , because the
---- -------- --- ----------- ----------- - ------- ---
dt nn VBD rb jj , in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654163) PENN in sentence 4155060:
signals intelligence she did not share linked Mihdhar to a
------- ------------ --- --- --- ----- ------ ------- -- -
nns nn PP VVD rb nn VVN NP to dt
suspected terrorist
--------- ---------
jj jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654164) PENN in sentence 4155061:
facility in the Middle East .
-------- -- --- ------ ---- -
nn in dt NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654165) PENN in sentence 4155062:
The agents would have established a link to the
--- ------ ----- ---- ----------- - ---- -- ---
dt nns md VH VVN dt nn to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654166) PENN in sentence 4155063:
suspected facility from their work on the embassy bombings case
--------- -------- ---- ----- ---- -- --- ------- -------- ----
jj nn in PP$ nn in dt nn nns nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654167) PENN in sentence 4155064:
This link would
---- ---- -----
dt nn md
]
[POS annotation set (6654168) PENN in sentence 4155065:
have made them very interested in learning more about Mihdhar
---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- -- -------- ---- ----- -------
VHP VVN PP rb jj in VVG jjr in NP
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654169) PENN in sentence 4155066:
The sad irony is that the agents who found the source were
--- --- ----- -- ---- --- ------ --- ----- --- ------ ----
dt jj nn VBZ IN/that dt nns wp VVD dt nn VBD
being kept from obtaining
----- ---- ---- ---------
VBG VVN in VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654170) PENN in sentence 4155067:
the fruits of their own work .
--- ------ -- ----- --- ---- -
dt nns in PP$ jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654171) PENN in sentence 4155068:
'' Dave , '' the CIA analyst , knew more about the Kuala
-- ---- - -- --- --- ------- - ---- ---- ----- --- -----
'' NP , '' dt NP nn , VVD jjr in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654172) PENN in sentence 4155069:
Lumpur meeting .
------ ------- -
NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654173) PENN in sentence 4155070:
He knew that Mihdhar possessed a U.S. visa , that his visa
-- ---- ---- ------- --------- - ---- ---- - ---- --- ----
PP VVD IN/that NP VVD dt NP nn , IN/that PP$ nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654174) PENN in sentence 4155071:
application indicated that he intended to travel to New York ,
----------- --------- ---- -- -------- -- ------ -- --- ---- -
nn VVD IN/that PP VVD to VV to NP NP ,
that Hazmi had
---- ----- ---
wdt NP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654175) PENN in sentence 4155072:
traveled to Los Angeles , and that a source had put Mihdhar
-------- -- --- ------- - --- ---- - ------ --- --- -------
VVN to NP NP , cc IN/that dt nn VHD VVN NP
in the company of
-- --- ------- --
in dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654176) PENN in sentence 4155073:
Khallad .
------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654177) PENN in sentence 4155074:
No one at the meeting asked him what he knew ; he did not
-- --- -- --- ------- ----- --- ---- -- ---- - -- --- ---
dt cd in dt nn VVD PP wp PP VVD : PP VVD rb
volunteer
---------
VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654178) PENN in sentence 4155075:
anything .
-------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654179) PENN in sentence 4155076:
He told investigators that as a CIA analyst , he was not
-- ---- ------------- ---- -- - --- ------- - -- --- ---
PP VVD nns IN/that in dt NP nn , PP VBD rb
authorized to
---------- --
VVN to
]
[POS annotation set (6654180) PENN in sentence 4155077:
answer FBI questions regarding CIA information . ''
------ --- --------- --------- --- ----------- - --
VV NP nns VVG NP nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654181) PENN in sentence 4155078:
Jane '' said she assumed that if
---- -- ---- --- ------- ---- --
NP '' VVD PP VVD IN/that in
]
[POS annotation set (6654182) PENN in sentence 4155079:
'' Dave '' knew the answers to questions , he would have
-- ---- -- ---- --- ------- -- --------- - -- ----- ----
'' NP '' VVD dt nns to nns , PP md VH
volunteered them .
----------- ---- -
VVN PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654183) PENN in sentence 4155080:
The New York
--- --- ----
dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654184) PENN in sentence 4155081:
agents left the meeting without obtaining information that might
------ ---- --- ------- ------- --------- ----------- ---- -----
nns VVD dt nn in VVG nn wdt md
have started them
---- ------- ----
VH VVN PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654185) PENN in sentence 4155082:
looking for Mihdhar .
------- --- ------- -
VVG in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654186) PENN in sentence 4155083:
Mihdhar had been a weak link in al Qaeda 's operational
------- --- ---- - ---- ---- -- -- ----- -- -----------
NP VHD VBN dt jj nn in NP NP POS jj
planning .
-------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654187) PENN in sentence 4155084:
He had left the
-- --- ---- ---
PP VHD VVN dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654188) PENN in sentence 4155085:
United States in June 2000 , a mistake KSM realized could
------ ------ -- ---- ---- - - ------- --- -------- -----
NP NPS in NP cd , dt nn nn VVN md
endanger the entire
-------- --- ------
VV dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654189) PENN in sentence 4155086:
plan-for to continue with the operation , Mihdhar would have to
-------- -- -------- ---- --- --------- - ------- ----- ---- --
nn to VV in dt nn , NP md VH to
travel to the United
------ -- --- ------
VV to dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654190) PENN in sentence 4155087:
States again .
------ ----- -
nns rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654191) PENN in sentence 4155088:
And unlike other operatives , Mihdhar was not `` clean '' : he
--- ------ ----- ---------- - ------- --- --- -- ----- -- - --
cc in jj nns , NP VBD rb `` jj '' : PP
had jihadist
--- --------
VHD nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654192) PENN in sentence 4155089:
connections .
----------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654193) PENN in sentence 4155090:
It was just such connections that had brought him to the
-- --- ---- ---- ----------- ---- --- ------- --- -- ---
PP VBD rb jj nns wdt VHD VVN PP to dt
attention of
--------- --
nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654194) PENN in sentence 4155091:
U.S. officials .
---- --------- -
NP nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654195) PENN in sentence 4155092:
Nevertheless , in this case KSM 's fears were not realized .
------------ - -- ---- ---- --- -- ----- ---- --- -------- -
rb , in dt nn nn POS nns VBD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654196) PENN in sentence 4155093:
Mihdhar received a new U.S.
------- -------- - --- ----
NP VVD dt jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654197) PENN in sentence 4155094:
visa two days after the CIA - FBI meeting in New York .
---- --- ---- ----- --- --- - --- ------- -- --- ---- -
nn cd nns in dt NP : NP nn in NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654198) PENN in sentence 4155095:
He flew to New York City on
-- ---- -- --- ---- ---- --
PP VVD to NP NP NP in
]
[POS annotation set (6654199) PENN in sentence 4155096:
July 4 .
---- - -
NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654200) PENN in sentence 4155097:
No one was looking for him .
-- --- --- ------- --- --- -
dt cd VBD VVG in PP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654201) PENN in sentence 4155098:
August 2001 : The Search for Mihdhar and Hazmi Begins and Fails
------ ---- - --- ------ --- ------- --- ----- ------ --- -----
NP cd : dt NP in NP cc NP NP cc VVZ
]
[POS annotation set (6654202) PENN in sentence 4155099:
During the summer of 2001 `` John , '' following a good instinct
------ --- ------ -- ---- -- ---- - -- --------- - ---- --------
in dt nn in cd `` NP , '' VVG dt jj nn
but not as part of any
--- --- -- ---- -- ---
cc rb in nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654203) PENN in sentence 4155100:
formal assignment , asked `` Mary , '' an FBI analyst detailed to
------ ---------- - ----- -- ---- - -- -- --- ------- -------- --
jj nn , VVD `` NP , '' dt NP nn jj to
the CIA 's Bin Ladin
--- --- -- --- -----
dt NP POS NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654204) PENN in sentence 4155101:
unit , to review all the Kuala Lumpur materials one more time
---- - -- ------ --- --- ----- ------ --------- --- ---- ----
nn , to VV pdt dt NP NP nns cd jjr nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654205) PENN in sentence 4155102:
She had been at the
--- --- ---- -- ---
PP VHD VBN in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654206) PENN in sentence 4155103:
New York meeting with `` Jane '' and `` Dave '' but had not
--- ---- ------- ---- -- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- --- --- ---
NP NP nn in `` NP '' cc `` NP '' cc VHD rb
looked into the issues yet
------ ---- --- ------ ---
VVN in dt nns rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654207) PENN in sentence 4155104:
herself . ''
------- - --
PP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654208) PENN in sentence 4155105:
John '' asked her to do the research in her free time .
---- -- ----- --- -- -- --- -------- -- --- ---- ---- -
NP '' VVD PP to VV dt nn in PP$ jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654209) PENN in sentence 4155106:
'' Mary '' began her work on July 24 .
-- ---- -- ----- --- ---- -- ---- -- -
'' NP '' VVD PP$ nn in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654210) PENN in sentence 4155107:
That day , she found the cable reporting that
---- --- - --- ----- --- ----- --------- ----
dt nn , PP VVD dt nn VVG IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654211) PENN in sentence 4155108:
Mihdhar had a visa to the United States .
------- --- - ---- -- --- ------ ------ -
NP VHD dt nn to dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654212) PENN in sentence 4155109:
A week later , she found the cable reporting
- ---- ----- - --- ----- --- ----- ---------
dt nn rbr , PP VVD dt nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654213) PENN in sentence 4155110:
that Mihdhar 's visa application-what was later discovered to be
---- ------- -- ---- ---------------- --- ----- ---------- -- --
dt NP POS nn nn VBD rbr VVN to vb
his first
--- -----
PP$ jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654214) PENN in sentence 4155111:
application-listed New York as his destination .
------------------ --- ---- -- --- ----------- -
jj NP NP in PP$ nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654215) PENN in sentence 4155112:
On August 21 , she located the March
-- ------ -- - --- ------- --- -----
in NP cd , PP VVN dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654216) PENN in sentence 4155113:
2000 cable that `` noted with interest '' that Hazmi had
---- ----- ---- -- ----- ---- -------- -- ---- ----- ---
cd nn IN/that `` VVN in nn '' IN/that NP VHD
flown to Los Angeles in January
----- -- --- ------- -- -------
VVN to NP NP in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654217) PENN in sentence 4155114:
2000 .
---- -
cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654218) PENN in sentence 4155115:
She immediately grasped the significance of this information .
--- ----------- ------- --- ------------ -- ---- ----------- -
PP rb VVD dt nn in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654219) PENN in sentence 4155116:
'' Mary '' and `` Jane '' promptly met with an INS representative
-- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- -------- --- ---- -- --- --------------
'' NP '' cc `` NP '' rb VVN in dt NP nn
at FBI headquarters .
-- --- ------------ -
in NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654220) PENN in sentence 4155117:
On
--
in
]
[POS annotation set (6654221) PENN in sentence 4155118:
August 22 , the INS told them that Mihdhar had entered the
------ -- - --- --- ---- ---- ---- ------- --- ------- ---
NP cd , dt NP VVD PP IN/that NP VHD VVN dt
United States on January
------ ------ -- -------
NP NPS in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654222) PENN in sentence 4155119:
15, 2000 , and again on July 4, 2001 .
--- ---- - --- ----- -- ---- -- ---- -
cd cd , cc rb in NP cd cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654223) PENN in sentence 4155120:
'' Jane '' and `` Mary '' also learned that there was
-- ---- -- --- -- ---- -- ---- ------- ---- ----- ---
'' NP '' cc `` NP '' rb VVD IN/that ex VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654224) PENN in sentence 4155121:
no record that Hazmi had left the country since January 2000 ,
-- ------ ---- ----- --- ---- --- ------- ----- ------- ---- -
dt nn IN/that NP VHD VVN dt nn in NP cd ,
and they assumed he
--- ---- ------- --
cc PP VVD PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654225) PENN in sentence 4155122:
had left with Mihdhar in June 2000 .
--- ---- ---- ------- -- ---- ---- -
VHD VVN in NP in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654226) PENN in sentence 4155123:
They decided that if Mihdhar was in the United
---- ------- ---- -- ------- --- -- --- ------
PP VVD IN/that in NP VBD in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654227) PENN in sentence 4155124:
States , he should be found .
------ - -- ------ -- ----- -
nns , PP md vb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654228) PENN in sentence 4155125:
They divided up the work . ''
---- ------- -- --- ---- - --
PP VVD rp dt nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654229) PENN in sentence 4155126:
Mary '' asked the Bin Ladin unit to draft a cable requesting
---- -- ----- --- --- ----- ---- -- ----- - ----- ----------
NP '' VVD dt NP NP nn to VV dt nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654230) PENN in sentence 4155127:
that Mihdhar and Hazmi be put on the TIPOFF watchlist .
---- ------- --- ----- -- --- -- --- ------ --------- -
dt NP cc NP vb VVN in dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654231) PENN in sentence 4155128:
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar were
---- ----- --- ------- ----
dt NP cc NP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654232) PENN in sentence 4155129:
added to this watchlist on August 24 .
----- -- ---- --------- -- ------ -- -
VVD to dt nn in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654233) PENN in sentence 4155130:
'' Jane '' took responsibility for the search effort inside the
-- ---- -- ---- -------------- --- --- ------ ------ ------ ---
'' NP '' VVD nn in dt nn nn in dt
United States .
------ ------ -
NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654234) PENN in sentence 4155131:
As the
-- ---
in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654235) PENN in sentence 4155132:
information indicated that Mihdhar had last arrived in New
----------- --------- ---- ------- --- ---- ------- -- ---
nn VVD IN/that NP VHD rb VVN in NP
York , she began drafting
---- - --- ----- --------
NP , PP VVD VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654236) PENN in sentence 4155133:
what is known as a lead for the FBI 's New York Field Office
---- -- ----- -- - ---- --- --- --- -- --- ---- ----- ------
wp VBZ VVN in dt nn in dt NP POS NP NP NP NP
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654237) PENN in sentence 4155134:
A lead relays
- ---- ------
dt nn VVZ
]
[POS annotation set (6654238) PENN in sentence 4155135:
information from one part of the FBI to another and requests
----------- ---- --- ---- -- --- --- -- ------- --- --------
nn in cd nn in dt NP to dt cc nns
that a particular
---- - ----------
IN/that dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654239) PENN in sentence 4155136:
action be taken .
------ -- ----- -
nn vb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654240) PENN in sentence 4155137:
She called an agent in New York to give him a `` headsup '' on
--- ------ -- ----- -- --- ---- -- ---- --- - -- ------- -- --
PP VVD dt nn in NP NP to VV PP dt `` nn '' in
the
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654241) PENN in sentence 4155138:
matter , but her draft lead was not sent until August 28 .
------ - --- --- ----- ---- --- --- ---- ----- ------ -- -
nn , cc PP$ nn nn VBD rb VVN in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654242) PENN in sentence 4155139:
Her email told the New York
--- ----- ---- --- --- ----
PP$ nn VVD dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654243) PENN in sentence 4155140:
agent that she wanted him to get started as soon as possible ,
----- ---- --- ------ --- -- --- ------- -- ---- -- -------- -
nn IN/that PP VVD PP to VV VVN rb rb in jj ,
but she labeled the
--- --- ------- ---
cc PP VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654244) PENN in sentence 4155141:
lead as `` Routine '' -a designation that informs the receiving
---- -- -- ------- -- -- ----------- ---- ------- --- ---------
nn in `` NP '' nn nn wdt VVZ dt VVG
office that it has 30
------ ---- -- --- --
nn IN/that PP VHZ cd
]
[POS annotation set (6654245) PENN in sentence 4155142:
days to respond .
---- -- ------- -
nns to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654246) PENN in sentence 4155143:
The agent who received the lead forwarded it to his squad
--- ----- --- -------- --- ---- --------- -- -- --- -----
dt nn wp VVD dt nn VVD PP to PP$ nn
supervisor .
---------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654247) PENN in sentence 4155144:
That same day,
---- ---- ----
dt jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654248) PENN in sentence 4155145:
the supervisor forwarded the lead to an intelligence agent to
--- ---------- --------- --- ---- -- -- ------------ ----- --
dt nn VVD dt nn to dt nn nn to
open an intelligence
---- -- ------------
VV dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654249) PENN in sentence 4155146:
case-an agent who thus was behind `` the wall '' keeping FBI
------- ----- --- ---- --- ------ -- --- ---- -- ------- ---
jj nn wp rb VBD rb `` dt nn '' VVG NP
intelligence information
------------ -----------
nn nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654250) PENN in sentence 4155147:
from being shared with criminal prosecutors .
---- ----- ------ ---- -------- ----------- -
in VBG VVN in jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654251) PENN in sentence 4155148:
He also sent it to the Cole case agents
-- ---- ---- -- -- --- ---- ---- ------
PP rb VVD PP to dt NP nn nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654252) PENN in sentence 4155149:
and an agent who had spent significant time in Malaysia searching
--- -- ----- --- --- ----- ----------- ---- -- -------- ---------
cc dt nn wp VHD VVN jj nn in NP VVG
for another
--- -------
in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654253) PENN in sentence 4155150:
Khalid : Khalid Sheikh Mohammad .
------ - ------ ------ -------- -
NP : NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654254) PENN in sentence 4155151:
The suggested goal of the investigation was to locate Mihdhar ,
--- --------- ---- -- --- ------------- --- -- ------ ------- -
dt VVN nn in dt nn VBD to VV NP ,
determine his contacts
--------- --- --------
VV PP$ nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654255) PENN in sentence 4155152:
and reasons for being in the United States , and possibly conduct
--- ------- --- ----- -- --- ------ ------ - --- -------- -------
cc nns in VBG in dt NP NPS , cc rb VV
an interview .
-- --------- -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654256) PENN in sentence 4155153:
Before sending the lead , `` Jane '' had discussed it with ``
------ ------- --- ---- - -- ---- -- --- --------- -- ---- --
in VVG dt nn , `` NP '' VHD VVN PP in ``
John , '' the CIA official on
---- - -- --- --- -------- --
NP , '' dt NP nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654257) PENN in sentence 4155154:
detail to the FBI .
------ -- --- --- -
nn to dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654258) PENN in sentence 4155155:
She had also checked with the acting head of the FBI 's Bin
--- --- ---- ------- ---- --- ------ ---- -- --- --- -- ---
PP VHD rb VVN in dt VVG nn in dt NP POS NP
Ladin
-----
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654259) PENN in sentence 4155156:
unit .
---- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654260) PENN in sentence 4155157:
The discussion seems to have been limited to whether the search
--- ---------- ----- -- ---- ---- ------- -- ------- --- ------
dt nn VVZ to VH VBN VVN to in dt nn
should be
------ --
md vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654261) PENN in sentence 4155158:
classified as an intelligence investigation or as a criminal one
---------- -- -- ------------ ------------- -- -- - -------- ---
VVN in dt nn nn cc in dt jj cd
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654262) PENN in sentence 4155159:
It appears that no
-- ------- ---- --
PP VVZ IN/that dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654263) PENN in sentence 4155160:
one informed higher levels of management in either the FBI or CIA
--- -------- ------ ------ -- ---------- -- ------ --- --- -- ---
PP VVD jjr nns in nn in cc dt NP cc NP
about the
----- ---
in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654264) PENN in sentence 4155161:
case .
---- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654265) PENN in sentence 4155162:
There is no evidence that the lead , or the search for these
----- -- -- -------- ---- --- ---- - -- --- ------ --- -----
ex VBZ dt nn IN/that dt nn , cc dt nn in dt
terrorist suspects , was
--------- -------- - ---
jj nns , VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654266) PENN in sentence 4155163:
substantively discussed at any level above deputy chief of a
------------- --------- -- --- ----- ----- ------ ----- -- -
rb VVN in dt nn in jj nn in dt
section within the
------- ------ ---
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654267) PENN in sentence 4155164:
Counterterrorism Division at FBI headquarters .
---------------- -------- -- --- ------------ -
nn nn in NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654268) PENN in sentence 4155165:
One of the Cole case agents read the lead with interest , and
--- -- --- ---- ---- ------ ---- --- ---- ---- -------- - ---
cd in dt NP nn nns VVP dt nn in nn , cc
contacted `` Jane '' to
--------- -- ---- -- --
VVD `` NP '' to
]
[POS annotation set (6654269) PENN in sentence 4155166:
obtain more information . ''
------ ---- ----------- - --
VV jjr nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654270) PENN in sentence 4155167:
Jane '' argued , however , that because the agent was
---- -- ------ - ------- - ---- ------- --- ----- ---
NP '' VVD , rb , IN/that in dt nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654271) PENN in sentence 4155168:
designated a `` criminal ''
---------- - -- -------- --
VVN dt `` jj ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654272) PENN in sentence 4155169:
FBI agent , not an intelligence FBI agent , the wall kept him
--- ----- - --- -- ------------ --- ----- - --- ---- ---- ---
NP nn , rb dt nn NP nn , dt nn VVD PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654273) PENN in sentence 4155170:
from participating in any search for Mihdhar .
---- ------------- -- --- ------ --- ------- -
in VVG in dt nn in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654274) PENN in sentence 4155171:
In fact , she felt he had to destroy
-- ---- - --- ---- -- --- -- -------
in nn , PP VVD PP VHD to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654275) PENN in sentence 4155172:
his copy of the lead because it contained NSA information from
--- ---- -- --- ---- ------- -- --------- --- ----------- ----
PP$ nn in dt nn in PP VVD NP nn in
reports that included
------- ---- --------
nns wdt VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654276) PENN in sentence 4155173:
caveats ordering that the information not be shared without
------- -------- ---- --- ----------- --- -- ------ -------
nns VVG IN/that dt nn rb vb VVN in
OIPR 's permission .
---- -- ---------- -
NP POS nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654277) PENN in sentence 4155174:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654278) PENN in sentence 4155175:
agent asked `` Jane '' to get an opinion from the FBI 's
----- ----- -- ---- -- -- --- -- ------- ---- --- --- --
nn VVD `` NP '' to VV dt nn in dt NP POS
National Security Law Unit
-------- -------- --- ----
NP NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654279) PENN in sentence 4155176:
( NSLU ) on whether he could open a criminal case on Mihdhar
- ---- - -- ------- -- ----- ---- - -------- ---- -- -------
( NP ) in in PP md VV dt jj nn in NP
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654280) PENN in sentence 4155177:
'' Jane '' sent an email to the Cole case agent explaining
-- ---- -- ---- -- ----- -- --- ---- ---- ----- ----------
'' NP '' VVD dt nn to dt NP nn nn VVG
that according to the NSLU ,
---- --------- -- --- ---- -
IN/that VVG to dt NP ,
]
[POS annotation set (6654281) PENN in sentence 4155178:
the case could be opened only as an intelligence matter , and
--- ---- ----- -- ------ ---- -- -- ------------ ------ - ---
dt nn md vb VVN rb in dt nn nn , cc
that if Mihdhar was
---- -- ------- ---
IN/that in NP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654282) PENN in sentence 4155179:
found , only designated intelligence agents could conduct or even
----- - ---- ---------- ------------ ------ ----- ------- -- ----
VVN , rb VVN nn nns md VV cc rb
be present at any
-- ------- -- ---
vb jj in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654283) PENN in sentence 4155180:
interview .
--------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654284) PENN in sentence 4155181:
She appears to have misunderstood the complex rules that could
--- ------- -- ---- ------------- --- ------- ----- ---- -----
PP VVZ to VH VVN dt jj nns wdt md
apply to
----- --
VV to
]
[POS annotation set (6654285) PENN in sentence 4155182:
this situation .
---- --------- -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654286) PENN in sentence 4155183:
The FBI agent angrily responded:
--- --- ----- ------- ----------
dt NP nn rb jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654287) PENN in sentence 4155184:
Whatever has happened to this-someday someone will die-and wall
-------- --- -------- -- ------------ ------- ---- ------- ----
wdt VHZ VVN to nn nn md nn nn
or not-the
-- -------
cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654288) PENN in sentence 4155185:
public will not understand why we were not more effective and
------ ---- --- ---------- --- -- ---- --- ---- --------- ---
nn md rb VV wrb PP VBD rb rbr jj cc
throwing every
-------- -----
VVG dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654289) PENN in sentence 4155186:
resource we had at certain `` problems . ''
-------- -- --- -- ------- -- -------- - --
nn PP VHD in jj `` nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654290) PENN in sentence 4155187:
Let 's hope the National Security Law Unit
--- -- ---- --- -------- -------- --- ----
VV VBZ VV dt NP NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654291) PENN in sentence 4155188:
will stand behind their decisions then , especially since the
---- ----- ------ ----- --------- ---- - ---------- ----- ---
md VV in PP$ nns rb , rb in dt
biggest threat to
------- ------ --
jjs nn to
]
[POS annotation set (6654292) PENN in sentence 4155189:
us now , UBL , is getting the most `` protection . ''
-- --- - --- - -- ------- --- ---- -- ---------- - --
PP rb , NP , VBZ VVG dt jjs `` nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654293) PENN in sentence 4155190:
'' Jane" replied that she was not making up the rules ; she
-- ----- ------- ---- --- --- --- ------ -- --- ----- - ---
'' NP VVD IN/that PP VBD rb VVG rp dt nns : PP
claimed that they were in
------- ---- ---- ---- --
VVD IN/that PP VBD in
]
[POS annotation set (6654294) PENN in sentence 4155191:
the relevant manual and `` ordered by the [ FISA ] Court and
--- -------- ------ --- -- ------- -- --- - ---- - ----- ---
dt jj jj cc `` VVN in NP sym NP sym NP cc
every office of the FBI is
----- ------ -- --- --- --
dt nn in dt NP VBZ
]
[POS annotation set (6654295) PENN in sentence 4155192:
required to follow them including FBI NY . ''
-------- -- ------ ---- --------- --- -- - --
VVN to VV PP VVG NP NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654296) PENN in sentence 4155193:
It is now clear that everyone involved was confused about the
-- -- --- ----- ---- -------- -------- --- -------- ----- ---
PP VBZ rb jj IN/that nn VVN VBD VVN in dt
rules governing the
----- --------- ---
nns VVG dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654297) PENN in sentence 4155194:
sharing and use of information gathered in intelligence channels
------- --- --- -- ----------- -------- -- ------------ --------
nn cc nn in nn VVN in nn nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654298) PENN in sentence 4155195:
Because Mihdhar
------- -------
in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654299) PENN in sentence 4155196:
was being sought for his possible connection to or knowledge of
--- ----- ------ --- --- -------- ---------- -- -- --------- --
VBD VBG VVN in PP$ jj nn to cc nn in
the Cole bombing , he
--- ---- ------- - --
dt NP nn , PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654300) PENN in sentence 4155197:
could be investigated or tracked under the existing Cole criminal
----- -- ------------ -- ------- ----- --- -------- ---- --------
md vb VVN cc VVN in dt jj NP jj
case .
---- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654301) PENN in sentence 4155198:
No new
-- ---
dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654302) PENN in sentence 4155199:
criminal case was needed for the criminal agent to begin
-------- ---- --- ------ --- --- -------- ----- -- -----
jj nn VBD VVN in dt jj nn to VV
searching for Mihdhar .
--------- --- ------- -
VVG in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654303) PENN in sentence 4155200:
And
---
cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654304) PENN in sentence 4155201:
as NSA had approved the passage of its information to the
-- --- --- -------- --- ------- -- --- ----------- -- ---
in NP VHD VVN dt nn in PP$ nn to dt
criminal agent , he could
-------- ----- - -- -----
jj nn , PP md
]
[POS annotation set (6654305) PENN in sentence 4155202:
have conducted a search using all available information .
---- --------- - ------ ----- --- --------- ----------- -
VHP VVN dt nn VVG dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654306) PENN in sentence 4155203:
As a result of this
-- - ------ -- ----
in dt nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654307) PENN in sentence 4155204:
confusion , the criminal agents who were knowledgeable about al
--------- - --- -------- ------ --- ---- ------------- ----- --
nn , dt jj nns wp VBD jj in NP
Qaeda and experienced
----- --- -----------
NP cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654308) PENN in sentence 4155205:
with criminal investigative techniques , including finding
---- -------- ------------- ---------- - --------- -------
in jj jj nns , VVG VVG
suspects and possible
-------- --- --------
nns cc jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654309) PENN in sentence 4155206:
criminal charges , were thus excluded from the search .
-------- ------- - ---- ---- -------- ---- --- ------ -
jj nns , VBD rb VVN in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654310) PENN in sentence 4155207:
The search was assigned to one FBI agent , and it was his very
--- ------ --- -------- -- --- --- ----- - --- -- --- --- ----
dt nn VBD VVN to cd NP nn , cc PP VBD PP$ jj
first counterterrorism
----- ----------------
jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654311) PENN in sentence 4155208:
lead .
---- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654312) PENN in sentence 4155209:
Because the lead was `` routine , '' he was given 30 days to open
------- --- ---- --- -- ------- - -- -- --- ----- -- ---- -- ----
in dt nn VBD `` jj , '' PP VBD VVN cd nns to VV
an intelligence
-- ------------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654313) PENN in sentence 4155210:
case and make some unspecified efforts to locate Mihdhar .
---- --- ---- ---- ----------- ------- -- ------ ------- -
nn cc VV dt jj nns to VV NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654314) PENN in sentence 4155211:
He started the process a
-- ------- --- ------- -
PP VVD dt nn dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654315) PENN in sentence 4155212:
few days later .
--- ---- ----- -
jj nns rbr sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654316) PENN in sentence 4155213:
He checked local New York databases for criminal record and
-- ------- ----- --- ---- --------- --- -------- ------ ---
PP VVD jj NP NP nns in jj nn cc
driver 's
------ --
nn POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654317) PENN in sentence 4155214:
license information and checked the hotel listed on Mihdhar 's
------- ----------- --- ------- --- ----- ------ -- ------- --
nn nn cc VVD dt nn VVN in NP POS
U.S. entry form .
---- ----- ---- -
NP nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654318) PENN in sentence 4155215:
Finally , on September 11 , the agent sent a lead to Los Angeles
------- - -- --------- -- - --- ----- ---- - ---- -- --- -------
rb , in NP cd , dt nn VVD dt nn to NP NP
, because Mihdhar had
- ------- ------- ---
, in NP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654319) PENN in sentence 4155216:
initially arrived in Los Angeles in January 2000 .
--------- ------- -- --- ------- -- ------- ---- -
rb VVN in NP NP in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654320) PENN in sentence 4155217:
We believe that if more resources had been applied and a
-- ------- ---- -- ---- --------- --- ---- ------- --- -
PP VVP IN/that in jjr nns VHD VBN VVN cc dt
significantly different
------------- ---------
rb jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654321) PENN in sentence 4155218:
approach taken , Mihdhar and Hazmi might have been found .
-------- ----- - ------- --- ----- ----- ---- ---- ----- -
nn VVN , NP cc NP md VH VBN VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654322) PENN in sentence 4155219:
They had used their true
---- --- ---- ----- ----
PP VHD VVN PP$ jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654323) PENN in sentence 4155220:
names in the United States .
----- -- --- ------ ------ -
nns in dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654324) PENN in sentence 4155221:
Still , the investigators would have needed luck as well
----- - --- ------------- ----- ---- ------ ---- -- ----
rb , dt nns md VH VVN nn in rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654325) PENN in sentence 4155222:
as skill to find them prior to September 11 even if such searches
-- ----- -- ---- ---- ----- -- --------- -- ---- -- ---- --------
in nn to VV PP jj to NP cd rb in jj nns
had begun as early
--- ----- -- -----
VHD VVN in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654326) PENN in sentence 4155223:
as August 23 , when the lead was first drafted .
-- ------ -- - ---- --- ---- --- ----- ------- -
in NP cd , wrb dt nn VBD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654327) PENN in sentence 4155224:
Many FBI witnesses have suggested that even if Mihdhar had
---- --- --------- ---- --------- ---- ---- -- ------- ---
jj NP nns VHP VVN IN/that rb in NP VHD
been found , there was
---- ----- - ----- ---
VBN VVN , ex VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654328) PENN in sentence 4155225:
nothing the agents could have done except follow him onto the
------- --- ------ ----- ---- ---- ------ ------ --- ---- ---
nn dt nns md VH VVN in VV PP in dt
planes .
------ -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654329) PENN in sentence 4155226:
We believe
-- -------
PP VVP
]
[POS annotation set (6654330) PENN in sentence 4155227:
this is incorrect .
---- -- --------- -
dt VBZ jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654331) PENN in sentence 4155228:
Both Hazmi and Mihdhar could have been held for immigration
---- ----- --- ------- ----- ---- ---- ---- --- -----------
dt NP cc NP md VH VBN VVN in nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654332) PENN in sentence 4155229:
violations or as material witnesses in the Cole bombing case .
---------- -- -- -------- --------- -- --- ---- ------- ---- -
nns cc in nn nns in dt NP nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654333) PENN in sentence 4155230:
Investigation or
------------- --
nn cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654334) PENN in sentence 4155231:
interrogation of them , and investigation of their travel and
------------- -- ---- - --- ------------- -- ----- ------ ---
nn in PP , cc nn in PP$ nn cc
financial activities,
--------- -----------
jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654335) PENN in sentence 4155232:
could have yielded evidence of connections to other participants
----- ---- ------- -------- -- ----------- -- ----- ------------
md VH VVN nn in nns to jj nns
in the 9/11 plot .
-- --- ---- ---- -
in dt cd nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654336) PENN in sentence 4155233:
The simple fact of their detention could have derailed the plan
--- ------ ---- -- ----- --------- ----- ---- -------- --- ----
dt jj nn in PP$ nn md VH VVN dt nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654337) PENN in sentence 4155234:
In any case , the
-- --- ---- - ---
in dt nn , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654338) PENN in sentence 4155235:
opportunity did not arise .
----------- --- --- ----- -
nn VVD rb VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654339) PENN in sentence 4155236:
Phoenix Memo
------- ----
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654340) PENN in sentence 4155237:
The Phoenix memo was investigated thoroughly by the Joint Inquiry
--- ------- ---- --- ------------ ---------- -- --- ----- -------
dt NP nn VBD VVN rb in dt NP NP
and the Department
--- --- ----------
cc dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654341) PENN in sentence 4155238:
of Justice Inspector General.86We will recap it briefly here .
-- ------- --------- ------------ ---- ----- -- ------- ---- -
in NP NP NP md VV PP rb rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654342) PENN in sentence 4155239:
In July 2001 , an FBI
-- ---- ---- - -- ---
in NP cd , dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654343) PENN in sentence 4155240:
agent in the Phoenix field office sent a memo to FBI
----- -- --- ------- ----- ------ ---- - ---- -- ---
nn in dt NP nn nn VVD dt nn to NP
headquarters and to two agents
------------ --- -- --- ------
nns cc to cd nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654344) PENN in sentence 4155241:
on international terrorism squads in the New York Field Office ,
-- ------------- --------- ------ -- --- --- ---- ----- ------ -
in jj nn nns in dt NP NP NP NP ,
advising of the
-------- -- ---
VVG in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654345) PENN in sentence 4155242:
'' possibility of a coordinated effort by Usama Bin Ladin '' to
-- ----------- -- - ----------- ------ -- ----- --- ----- -- --
'' nn in dt VVN nn in NP NP NP '' to
send students to the
---- -------- -- ---
VV nns to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654346) PENN in sentence 4155243:
United States to attend civil aviation schools .
------ ------ -- ------ ----- -------- ------- -
NP NPS to VV jj nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654347) PENN in sentence 4155244:
The agent based his theory on the
--- ----- ----- --- ------ -- ---
dt nn VVN PP$ nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654348) PENN in sentence 4155245:
'' inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest ''
-- ---------- ------ -- ----------- -- ------------- -------- --
'' jj nn in nns in jj nn ''
attending such schools
--------- ---- -------
VVG jj nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654349) PENN in sentence 4155246:
in Arizona .
-- ------- -
in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654350) PENN in sentence 4155247:
The agent made four recommendations to FBI headquarters : to
--- ----- ---- ---- --------------- -- --- ------------ - --
dt nn VVD cd nns to NP nn : to
compile a list of civil
------- - ---- -- -----
VV dt nn in jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654351) PENN in sentence 4155248:
aviation schools , establish liaison with those schools , discuss
-------- ------- - --------- ------- ---- ----- ------- - -------
nn nns , VV nn in dt nns , VV
his theories about
--- -------- -----
PP$ nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654352) PENN in sentence 4155249:
Bin Ladin with the intelligence community , and seek authority to
--- ----- ---- --- ------------ --------- - --- ---- --------- --
NP NP in dt nn nn , cc VV nn to
obtain visa
------ ----
VV nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654353) PENN in sentence 4155250:
information on persons applying to flight schools .
----------- -- ------- -------- -- ------ ------- -
nn in nns VVG to nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654354) PENN in sentence 4155251:
His recommendations were not
--- --------------- ---- ---
PP$ nns VBD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654355) PENN in sentence 4155252:
acted on .
----- -- -
VVN in sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654356) PENN in sentence 4155253:
His memo was forwarded to one field office .
--- ---- --- --------- -- --- ----- ------ -
PP$ nn VBD VVN to cd nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654357) PENN in sentence 4155254:
Managers of the Usama Bin
-------- -- --- ----- ---
nns in dt NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654358) PENN in sentence 4155255:
Ladin unit and the Radical Fundamentalist unit at FBI
----- ---- --- --- ------- -------------- ---- -- ---
NP nn cc dt NP NP nn in NP
headquarters were addressees,
------------ ---- -----------
nn VBD NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654359) PENN in sentence 4155256:
but they did not even see the memo until after September 11 .
--- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ----- ----- --------- -- -
cc PP VVD rb rb VV dt nn in in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654360) PENN in sentence 4155257:
No managers at
-- -------- --
dt nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654361) PENN in sentence 4155258:
headquarters saw the memo before September 11 , and the New York
------------ --- --- ---- ------ --------- -- - --- --- --- ----
nns VVD dt nn in NP cd , cc dt NP NP
Field Office took no
----- ------ ---- --
NP NP VVD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654362) PENN in sentence 4155259:
action .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654363) PENN in sentence 4155260:
As its author told investigators , the Phoenix memo was not an
-- --- ------ ---- ------------- - --- ------- ---- --- --- --
in PP$ nn VVD nns , dt NP nn VBD rb dt
alert about suicide
----- ----- -------
nn in nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654364) PENN in sentence 4155261:
pilots .
------ -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654365) PENN in sentence 4155262:
His worry was more about a Pan Am Flight 103 scenario in which
--- ----- --- ---- ----- - --- -- ------ --- -------- -- -----
PP$ nn VBD jjr in dt NP NP NP cd nn in wdt
explosives
----------
nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654366) PENN in sentence 4155263:
were placed on an aircraft .
---- ------ -- -- -------- -
VBD VVN in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654367) PENN in sentence 4155264:
The memo 's references to aviation training were broad,
--- ---- -- ---------- -- -------- -------- ---- ------
dt nn POS nns to nn nn VBD NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654368) PENN in sentence 4155265:
including aeronautical engineering .
--------- ------------ ----------- -
VVG jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654369) PENN in sentence 4155266:
If the memo had been distributed in a timely fashion and its
-- --- ---- --- ---- ----------- -- - ------ ------- --- ---
in dt nn VHD VBN VVN in dt jj nn cc PP$
recommendations acted on
--------------- ----- --
nns VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6654370) PENN in sentence 4155267:
promptly , we do not believe it would have uncovered the plot
-------- - -- -- --- ------- -- ----- ---- --------- --- ----
rb , PP VVP rb VV PP md VH VVN dt nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654371) PENN in sentence 4155268:
It might well,
-- ----- -----
PP md VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654372) PENN in sentence 4155269:
however , have sensitized the FBI so that it might have taken
------- - ---- ---------- --- --- -- ---- -- ----- ---- -----
rb , VHP VVN dt NP rb IN/that PP md VH VVN
the Moussaoui matter
--- --------- ------
dt NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654373) PENN in sentence 4155270:
more seriously the next month .
---- --------- --- ---- ----- -
rbr rb dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654374) PENN in sentence 4155271:
Zacarias Moussaoui
-------- ---------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654375) PENN in sentence 4155272:
On August 15, 2001 , the Minneapolis FBI Field Office initiated
-- ------ --- ---- - --- ----------- --- ----- ------ ---------
in NP cd cd , dt NP NP NP NP VVD
an intelligence
-- ------------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654376) PENN in sentence 4155273:
investigation on Zacarias Moussaoui .
------------- -- -------- --------- -
nn in NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654377) PENN in sentence 4155274:
As mentioned in chapter 7 , he had entered the
-- --------- -- ------- - - -- --- ------- ---
in VVN in nn cd , PP VHD VVN dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654378) PENN in sentence 4155275:
United States in February 2001 , and had begun flight lessons at
------ ------ -- -------- ---- - --- --- ----- ------ ------- --
NP NPS in NP cd , cc VHD VVN nn nns in
Airman Flight School
------ ------ ------
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654379) PENN in sentence 4155276:
in Norman , Oklahoma .
-- ------ - -------- -
in NP , NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654380) PENN in sentence 4155277:
He resumed his training at the Pan Am International Flight
-- ------- --- -------- -- --- --- -- ------------- ------
PP VVD PP$ nn in dt NP NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654381) PENN in sentence 4155278:
Academy in Eagan , Minnesota , starting on August 13 .
------- -- ----- - --------- - -------- -- ------ -- -
NP in NP , NP , VVG in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654382) PENN in sentence 4155279:
He had none of the usual
-- --- ---- -- --- -----
PP VHD nn in dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654383) PENN in sentence 4155280:
qualifications for flight training on Pan Am 's Boeing 747
-------------- --- ------ -------- -- --- -- -- ------ ---
nns in nn nn in NP NP POS NP NP
flight simulators .
------ ---------- -
nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654384) PENN in sentence 4155281:
He said
-- ----
PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654385) PENN in sentence 4155282:
he did not intend to become a commercial pilot but wanted the
-- --- --- ------ -- ------ - ---------- ----- --- ------ ---
PP VVD rb VV to VV dt jj nn cc VVD dt
training as an `` ego
-------- -- -- -- ---
nn in dt `` nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654386) PENN in sentence 4155283:
boosting thing . ''
-------- ----- - --
VVG nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654387) PENN in sentence 4155284:
Moussaoui stood out because , with little knowledge of flying ,
--------- ----- --- ------- - ---- ------ --------- -- ------ -
NP VVD rp in , in jj nn in VVG ,
he
--
PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654388) PENN in sentence 4155285:
wanted to learn how to `` take off and land '' a Boeing 747 .
------ -- ----- --- -- -- ---- --- --- ---- -- - ------ --- -
VVD to VV wrb to `` VV rp cc VV '' dt NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654389) PENN in sentence 4155286:
The agent in Minneapolis quickly learned that Moussaoui
--- ----- -- ----------- ------- ------- ---- ---------
dt nn in NP rb VVD IN/that NP
possessed jihadist beliefs .
--------- -------- ------- -
VVD nn nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654390) PENN in sentence 4155287:
Moreover , Moussaoui had $32,000 in a bank account but did not
-------- - --------- --- ------- -- - ---- ------- --- --- ---
rb , NP VHD nn in dt nn nn cc VVD rb
provide a plausible
------- - ---------
VV dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654391) PENN in sentence 4155288:
explanation for this sum of money .
----------- --- ---- --- -- ----- -
nn in dt nn in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654392) PENN in sentence 4155289:
He had traveled to Pakistan but became agitated
-- --- -------- -- -------- --- ------ --------
PP VHD VVN to NP cc VVD VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654393) PENN in sentence 4155290:
when asked if he had traveled to nearby countries while in
---- ----- -- -- --- -------- -- ------ --------- ----- --
wrb VVN in PP VHD VVN to jj nns in in
Pakistan ( Pakistan was
-------- - -------- ---
NP ( NP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654394) PENN in sentence 4155291:
the customary route to the training camps in Afghanistan ) .
--- --------- ----- -- --- -------- ----- -- ----------- - -
dt jj nn to dt nn nns in NP ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654395) PENN in sentence 4155292:
He planned to receive
-- ------- -- -------
PP VVD to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654396) PENN in sentence 4155293:
martial arts training , and intended to purchase a global
------- ---- -------- - --- -------- -- -------- - ------
jj nns nn , cc VVD to VV dt jj
positioning receiver .
----------- -------- -
nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654397) PENN in sentence 4155294:
The
---
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654398) PENN in sentence 4155295:
agent also noted that Moussaoui became extremely agitated
----- ---- ----- ---- --------- ------ --------- --------
nn rb VVD IN/that NP VVD rb VVN
whenever he was questioned
-------- -- --- ----------
wrb PP VBD VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654399) PENN in sentence 4155296:
regarding his religious beliefs .
--------- --- --------- ------- -
VVG PP$ jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654400) PENN in sentence 4155297:
The agent concluded that Moussaoui was `` an Islamic
--- ----- --------- ---- --------- --- -- -- -------
dt nn VVD IN/that NP VBD `` dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654401) PENN in sentence 4155298:
extremist preparing for some future act in furtherance of radical
--------- --------- --- ---- ------ --- -- ----------- -- -------
nn VVG in dt jj nn in nn in jj
fundamentalist
--------------
jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654402) PENN in sentence 4155299:
goals . ''
----- - --
nns sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654403) PENN in sentence 4155300:
He also believed Moussaoui 's plan was related to his flight
-- ---- -------- --------- -- ---- --- ------- -- --- ------
PP rb VVD NP POS nn VBD VVN to PP$ nn
training .
-------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654404) PENN in sentence 4155301:
Moussaoui can be seen as an al Qaeda mistake and a missed
--------- --- -- ---- -- -- -- ----- ------- --- - ------
NP md vb VVN in dt NP NP nn cc dt VVN
opportunity .
----------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654405) PENN in sentence 4155302:
An apparently
-- ----------
dt rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654406) PENN in sentence 4155303:
unreliable operative , he had fallen into the hands of the FBI
---------- --------- - -- --- ------ ---- --- ----- -- --- ---
jj nn , PP VHD VVN in dt nns in dt NP
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654407) PENN in sentence 4155304:
As discussed in
-- --------- --
in VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6654408) PENN in sentence 4155305:
chapter 7 , Moussaoui had been in contact with and received
------- - - --------- --- ---- -- ------- ---- --- --------
nn cd , NP VHD VBN in nn in cc VVD
money from Ramzi
----- ---- -----
nn in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654409) PENN in sentence 4155306:
Binalshibh .
---------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654410) PENN in sentence 4155307:
If Moussaoui had been connected to al Qaeda , questions should
-- --------- --- ---- --------- -- -- ----- - --------- ------
in NP VHD VBN VVN to NP NP , nns md
instantly
---------
rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654411) PENN in sentence 4155308:
have arisen about a possible al Qaeda plot that involved
---- ------ ----- - -------- -- ----- ---- ---- --------
VHP VVN in dt jj NP NP nn wdt VVD
piloting airliners , a
-------- --------- - -
nn nns , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654412) PENN in sentence 4155309:
possibility that had never been seriously analyzed by the
----------- ---- --- ----- ---- --------- -------- -- ---
nn wdt VHD rb VBN rb VVN in dt
intelligence community .
------------ --------- -
nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654413) PENN in sentence 4155310:
The FBI agent who handled the case in conjunction with the INS
--- --- ----- --- ------- --- ---- -- ----------- ---- --- ---
dt NP nn wp VVD dt nn in nn in dt NP
representative on the
-------------- -- ---
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654414) PENN in sentence 4155311:
Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force suspected that
----------- ----- --------- ---- ----- --------- ----
NP NP NP NP NP VVD IN/that
Moussaoui might be planning to
--------- ----- -- -------- --
NP md vb VVG to
]
[POS annotation set (6654415) PENN in sentence 4155312:
hijack a plane .
------ - ----- -
VV dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654416) PENN in sentence 4155313:
Minneapolis and FBI headquarters debated whether Moussaoui should
----------- --- --- ------------ ------- ------- --------- ------
NP cc NP nns VVN in NP md
be
--
vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654417) PENN in sentence 4155314:
arrested immediately or surveilled to obtain additional
-------- ----------- -- ---------- -- ------ ----------
VVN rb cc VVD to VV jj
information .
----------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654418) PENN in sentence 4155315:
Because it was
------- -- ---
in PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654419) PENN in sentence 4155316:
not clear whether Moussaoui could be imprisoned , the FBI case
--- ----- ------- --------- ----- -- ---------- - --- --- ----
rb jj in NP md vb VVN , dt NP nn
agent decided the most
----- ------- --- ----
nn VVD dt jjs
]
[POS annotation set (6654420) PENN in sentence 4155317:
important thing was to prevent Moussaoui from obtaining any
--------- ----- --- -- ------- --------- ---- --------- ---
jj nn VBD to VV NP in VVG dt
further training that he
------- -------- ---- --
jjr nn IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654421) PENN in sentence 4155318:
could use to carry out a potential attack .
----- --- -- ----- --- - --------- ------ -
md VV to VV rp dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654422) PENN in sentence 4155319:
As a French national who had overstayed his visa , Moussaoui
-- - ------ -------- --- --- ---------- --- ---- - ---------
in dt jj jj wp VHD VVN PP$ nn , NP
could be detained
----- -- --------
md vb VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654423) PENN in sentence 4155320:
immediately .
----------- -
rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654424) PENN in sentence 4155321:
The INS arrested Moussaoui on the immigration violation .
--- --- -------- --------- -- --- ----------- --------- -
dt NP VVN NP in dt nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654425) PENN in sentence 4155322:
A deportation
- -----------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654426) PENN in sentence 4155323:
order was signed on August 17, 2001 .
----- --- ------ -- ------ --- ---- -
nn VBD VVN in NP cd cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654427) PENN in sentence 4155324:
The agents in Minnesota were concerned that the U.S.
--- ------ -- --------- ---- --------- ---- --- ----
dt nns in NP VBD VVN IN/that dt NP
Attorney's Office in Minneapolis
---------- ------ -- -----------
NP NP in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654428) PENN in sentence 4155325:
would find insufficient probable cause of a crime to obtain a
----- ---- ------------ -------- ----- -- - ----- -- ------ -
md VV jj jj nn in dt nn to VV dt
criminal warrant to
-------- ------- --
jj nn to
]
[POS annotation set (6654429) PENN in sentence 4155326:
search Moussaoui 's laptop computer .
------ --------- -- ------ -------- -
VV NP POS jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654430) PENN in sentence 4155327:
Agents at FBI headquarters believed there was insufficient
------ -- --- ------------ -------- ----- --- ------------
nns in NP nns VVD ex VBD jj
probable cause .
-------- ----- -
jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654431) PENN in sentence 4155328:
Minneapolis therefore sought a special warrant under the Foreign
----------- --------- ------ - ------- ------- ----- --- -------
NP rb VVD dt jj nn in dt NP
Intelligence
------------
NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654432) PENN in sentence 4155329:
Surveillance Act to conduct the search ( we introduced FISA in
------------ --- -- ------- --- ------ - -- ---------- ---- --
nn NP to VV dt nn ( PP VVD NP in
chapter 3 ) .
------- - - -
nn cd ) sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654433) PENN in sentence 4155330:
To do so , however , the FBI needed to demonstrate probable cause
-- -- -- - ------- - --- --- ------ -- ----------- -------- -----
to VV rb , rb , dt NP VVD to VV jj nn
that Moussaoui was an
---- --------- --- --
IN/that NP VBD dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654434) PENN in sentence 4155331:
agent of a foreign power , a demonstration that was not
----- -- - ------- ----- - - ------------- ---- --- ---
nn in dt jj nn , dt nn wdt VBD rb
required to obtain a criminal
-------- -- ------ - --------
VVN to VV dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654435) PENN in sentence 4155332:
warrant but was a statutory requirement for a FISA warrant .
------- --- --- - --------- ----------- --- - ---- ------- -
nn cc VBD dt jj nn in dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654436) PENN in sentence 4155333:
The case agent did not have sufficient information to connect
--- ---- ----- --- --- ---- ---------- ----------- -- -------
dt nn nn VVD rb VH jj nn to VV
Moussaoui to a `` foreign
--------- -- - -- -------
NP to dt `` jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654437) PENN in sentence 4155334:
power , '' so he reached out for help , in the United States and
----- - -- -- -- ------- --- --- ---- - -- --- ------ ------ ---
nn , '' rb PP VVD rp in nn , in dt NP NPS cc
overseas .
-------- -
jj sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654438) PENN in sentence 4155335:
The FBI agent 's August 18 message requested assistance from the
--- --- ----- -- ------ -- ------- --------- ---------- ---- ---
dt NP nn POS NP cd nn VVD nn in dt
FBI legal attach� in
--- ----- ------- --
NP jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654439) PENN in sentence 4155336:
Paris .
----- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654440) PENN in sentence 4155337:
Moussaoui had lived in London , so the Minneapolis agent sought
--------- --- ----- -- ------ - -- --- ----------- ----- ------
NP VHD VVN in NP , in dt NP nn VVD
assistance
----------
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654441) PENN in sentence 4155338:
from the legal attach� there as well .
---- --- ----- ------- ----- -- ---- -
in dt jj nn rb rb rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654442) PENN in sentence 4155339:
By August 24 , the Minneapolis agent had also
-- ------ -- - --- ----------- ----- --- ----
in NP cd , dt NP nn VHD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654443) PENN in sentence 4155340:
contacted an FBI detailee and a CIA desk officer at the
--------- -- --- -------- --- - --- ---- ------- -- ---
VVN dt NP nn cc dt NP nn nn in dt
Counterterrorist Center
---------------- ------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654444) PENN in sentence 4155341:
about the case .
----- --- ---- -
in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654445) PENN in sentence 4155342:
The FBI legal attach� 's office in Paris first contacted the
--- --- ----- ------- -- ------ -- ----- ----- --------- ---
dt NP jj nn POS nn in NP rb VVD dt
French government on
------ ---------- --
jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654446) PENN in sentence 4155343:
August 16 or 17 , shortly after speaking to the Minneapolis case
------ -- -- -- - ------- ----- -------- -- --- ----------- ----
NP cd cc cd , rb in VVG to dt NP nn
agent on the
----- -- ---
nn in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654447) PENN in sentence 4155344:
telephone .
--------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654448) PENN in sentence 4155345:
On August 22 and 27 , the French provided information that made
-- ------ -- --- -- - --- ------ -------- ----------- ---- ----
in NP cd cc cd , dt jj VVN nn wdt VVD
a
-
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654449) PENN in sentence 4155346:
connection between Moussaoui and a rebel leader in Chechnya ,
---------- ------- --------- --- - ----- ------ -- -------- -
nn in NP cc dt jj nn in NP ,
Ibn al Khattab .
--- -- ------- -
NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654450) PENN in sentence 4155347:
This
----
dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654451) PENN in sentence 4155348:
set off a spirited debate between the Minneapolis Field Office ,
--- --- - -------- ------ ------- --- ----------- ----- ------ -
VVN in dt jj nn in dt NP NP NP ,
FBI headquarters,
--- -------------
NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654452) PENN in sentence 4155349:
and the CIA as to whether the Chechen rebels and Khattab were
--- --- --- -- -- ------- --- ------- ------ --- ------- ----
cc dt NP in to in dt NP nns cc NP VBD
sufficiently
------------
rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654453) PENN in sentence 4155350:
associated with a terrorist organization to constitute a ``
---------- ---- - --------- ------------ -- ---------- - --
VVN in dt jj nn to VV dt ``
foreign power '' for
------- ----- -- ---
jj nn '' in
]
[POS annotation set (6654454) PENN in sentence 4155351:
purposes of the FISA statute .
-------- -- --- ---- ------- -
nns in dt NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654455) PENN in sentence 4155352:
FBI headquarters did not believe this was good enough,
--- ------------ --- --- ------- ---- --- ---- -------
NP nns VVD rb VV dt VBD jj NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654456) PENN in sentence 4155353:
and its National Security Law Unit declined to submit a FISA
--- --- -------- -------- --- ---- -------- -- ------ - ----
cc PP$ NP NP NP NP VVD to VV dt NP
application .
----------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654457) PENN in sentence 4155354:
After receiving the written request for assistance , the legal
----- --------- --- ------- ------- --- ---------- - --- -----
in VVG dt jj nn in nn , dt jj
attach� in London had
------- -- ------ ---
nn in NP VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654458) PENN in sentence 4155355:
promptly forwarded it to his counterparts in the British
-------- --------- -- -- --- ------------ -- --- -------
rb VVD PP to PP$ nns in dt jj
government , hand-delivering
---------- - ---------------
nn , VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654459) PENN in sentence 4155356:
the request on August 21 .
--- ------- -- ------ -- -
dt nn in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654460) PENN in sentence 4155357:
On August 24 , the CIA also sent a cable to London and
-- ------ -- - --- --- ---- ---- - ----- -- ------ ---
in NP cd , dt NP rb VVD dt nn to NP cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654461) PENN in sentence 4155358:
Paris regarding `` subjects involved in suspicious 747 flight
----- --------- -- -------- -------- -- ---------- --- ------
NP VVG `` nns VVN in jj NP nn
training '' that described
-------- -- ---- ---------
nn '' wdt VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654462) PENN in sentence 4155359:
Moussaoui as a possible `` suicide hijacker . ''
--------- -- - -------- -- ------- -------- - --
nns in dt jj `` nn nn sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654463) PENN in sentence 4155360:
On August 28 , the CIA sent a request for
-- ------ -- - --- --- ---- - ------- ---
in NP cd , dt NP VVD dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654464) PENN in sentence 4155361:
information to a different service of the British government ;
----------- -- - --------- ------- -- --- ------- ---------- -
nn to dt jj nn in dt jj nn :
this communication
---- -------------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654465) PENN in sentence 4155362:
warned that Moussaoui might be expelled to Britain by the end
------ ---- --------- ----- -- -------- -- ------- -- --- ---
VVD IN/that NP md vb VVN to NP in dt nn
of August .
-- ------ -
in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654466) PENN in sentence 4155363:
The FBI
--- ---
dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654467) PENN in sentence 4155364:
office in London raised the matter briefly with British officials
------ -- ------ ------ --- ------ ------- ---- ------- ---------
nn in NP VVD dt nn nn in jj nns
as an aside , after
-- -- ----- - -----
in dt rb , in
]
[POS annotation set (6654468) PENN in sentence 4155365:
a meeting about a more urgent matter on September 3 , and sent
- ------- ----- - ---- ------ ------ -- --------- - - --- ----
dt nn in dt rbr jj nn in NP cd , cc VVD
the British service a
--- ------- ------- -
dt jj nn dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654469) PENN in sentence 4155366:
written update on September 5 .
------- ------ -- --------- - -
VVN nn in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654470) PENN in sentence 4155367:
The case was not handled by the British as a priority
--- ---- --- --- ------- -- --- ------- -- - --------
dt nn VBD rb VVN in dt jj in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654471) PENN in sentence 4155368:
amid a large number of other terrorist-related inquiries .
---- - ----- ------ -- ----- ----------------- --------- -
in dt jj nn in jj jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654472) PENN in sentence 4155369:
On September 4 , the FBI sent a teletype to the CIA , the FAA ,
-- --------- - - --- --- ---- - -------- -- --- --- - --- --- -
in NP cd , dt NP VVD dt nn to dt NP , dt NP ,
the Customs Service , the
--- ------- ------- - ---
dt NP NP , dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654473) PENN in sentence 4155370:
State Department , the INS , and the Secret Service summarizing
----- ---------- - --- --- - --- --- ------ ------- -----------
NP NP , dt NP , cc dt jj nn VVG
the known facts
--- ----- -----
dt VVN nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654474) PENN in sentence 4155371:
regarding Moussaoui .
--------- --------- -
VVG NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654475) PENN in sentence 4155372:
It did not report the case agent 's personal assessment that
-- --- --- ------ --- ---- ----- -- -------- ---------- ----
PP VVD rb VV dt nn nn POS jj nn IN/that
]
[POS annotation set (6654476) PENN in sentence 4155373:
Moussaoui planned to hijack an airplane .
--------- ------- -- ------ -- -------- -
NP VVD to VV dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654477) PENN in sentence 4155374:
It did contain the FAA 's comment that it
-- --- ------- --- --- -- ------- ---- --
PP VVD VV dt NP POS nn IN/that PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654478) PENN in sentence 4155375:
was not unusual for Middle Easterners to attend flight training
--- --- ------- --- ------ ---------- -- ------ ------ --------
VBD rb jj in jj nns to VV nn nn
schools in the
------- -- ---
nns in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654479) PENN in sentence 4155376:
United States .
------ ------ -
NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654480) PENN in sentence 4155377:
Although the Minneapolis agents wanted to tell the FAA from the
-------- --- ----------- ------ ------ -- ---- --- --- ---- ---
in dt NP nns VVD to VV dt NP in dt
beginning about
--------- -----
nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654481) PENN in sentence 4155378:
Moussaoui , FBI headquarters instructed Minneapolis that it
--------- - --- ------------ ---------- ----------- ---- --
NP , NP nns VVD NP IN/that PP
could not share the more
----- --- ----- --- ----
md rb VV dt jjr
]
[POS annotation set (6654482) PENN in sentence 4155379:
complete report the case agent had prepared for the FAA .
-------- ------ --- ---- ----- --- -------- --- --- --- -
jj nn dt nn nn VHD VVN in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654483) PENN in sentence 4155380:
The Minneapolis supervisor
--- ----------- ----------
dt NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654484) PENN in sentence 4155381:
sent the case agent in person to the local FAA office to fill in
---- --- ---- ----- -- ------ -- --- ----- --- ------ -- ---- --
VVN dt nn nn in nn to dt jj NP nn to VV in
what he thought
---- -- -------
wp PP VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654485) PENN in sentence 4155382:
were gaps in the FBI headquarters teletype .
---- ---- -- --- --- ------------ -------- -
VBD nns in dt NP nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654486) PENN in sentence 4155383:
No FAA actions seem to have been taken in response .
-- --- ------- ---- -- ---- ---- ----- -- -------- -
dt NP nns VVP to VH VBN VVN in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654487) PENN in sentence 4155384:
There was substantial disagreement between Minneapolis agents and
----- --- ----------- ------------ ------- ----------- ------ ---
ex VBD jj nn in NP nns cc
FBI headquarters as
--- ------------ --
NP nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654488) PENN in sentence 4155385:
to what Moussaoui was planning to do .
-- ---- --------- --- -------- -- -- -
to wp NP VBD VVG to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654489) PENN in sentence 4155386:
In one conversation between a Minneapolis
-- --- ------------ ------- - -----------
in cd nn in dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654490) PENN in sentence 4155387:
supervisor and a headquarters agent , the latter complained
---------- --- - ------------ ----- - --- ------ ----------
nn cc dt nn nn , dt nn VVD
that Minneapolis 's FISA
---- ----------- -- ----
IN/that NP POS NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654491) PENN in sentence 4155388:
request was couched in a manner intended to get people `` spun
------- --- ------- -- - ------ -------- -- --- ------ -- ----
nn VBD VVN in dt nn VVD to VV nns `` VVN
up . ''
-- - --
rp sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654492) PENN in sentence 4155389:
The supervisor
--- ----------
dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654493) PENN in sentence 4155390:
replied that was precisely his intent .
------- ---- --- --------- --- ------ -
VVD dt VBD rb PP$ nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654494) PENN in sentence 4155391:
He said he was `` trying to keep someone from
-- ---- -- --- -- ------ -- ---- ------- ----
PP VVD PP VBD `` VVG to VV nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654495) PENN in sentence 4155392:
taking a plane and crashing into the World Trade Center . ''
------ - ----- --- -------- ---- --- ----- ----- ------ - --
VVG dt nn cc VVG in dt NP NP NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654496) PENN in sentence 4155393:
The headquarters agent
--- ------------ -----
dt nn nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654497) PENN in sentence 4155394:
replied that this was not going to happen and that they did
------- ---- ---- --- --- ----- -- ------ --- ---- ---- ---
VVD IN/that dt VBD rb VVG to VV cc IN/that PP VVD
not know if Moussaoui
--- ---- -- ---------
rb VV in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654498) PENN in sentence 4155395:
was a terrorist .
--- - --------- -
VBD dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654499) PENN in sentence 4155396:
There is no evidence that either FBI Acting Director Pickard
----- -- -- -------- ---- ------ --- ------ -------- -------
ex VBZ dt nn IN/that dt NP NP NP NP
or Assistant Director
-- --------- --------
cc NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654500) PENN in sentence 4155397:
for Counterterrorism Dale Watson was briefed on the Moussaoui
--- ---------------- ---- ------ --- ------- -- --- ---------
in NP NP NP VBD VVN in dt NP
case prior to 9/11 .
---- ----- -- ---- -
nn rb to cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654501) PENN in sentence 4155398:
Michael Rolince , the FBI assistant director heading the Bureau
------- ------- - --- --- --------- -------- ------- --- ------
NP NP , dt NP jj nn VVG dt NP
's
--
POS
]
[POS annotation set (6654502) PENN in sentence 4155399:
InternationalTerrorism Operations Section ( ITOS ) , recalled
---------------------- ---------- ------- - ---- - - --------
NP NP NP ( NP ) , VVN
being told about
----- ---- -----
VBG VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6654503) PENN in sentence 4155400:
Moussaoui in two passing hallway conversations but only in the
--------- -- --- ------- ------- ------------- --- ---- -- ---
nns in cd VVG nn nns cc rb in dt
context that he might
------- ---- -- -----
nn IN/that PP md
]
[POS annotation set (6654504) PENN in sentence 4155401:
be receiving telephone calls from Minneapolis complaining about
-- --------- --------- ----- ---- ----------- ----------- -----
vb VVG nn nns in nns VVG in
how headquarters was
--- ------------ ---
wrb nns VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654505) PENN in sentence 4155402:
handling the matter .
-------- --- ------ -
VVG dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654506) PENN in sentence 4155403:
He never received such a call .
-- ----- -------- ---- - ---- -
PP rb VVD pdt dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654507) PENN in sentence 4155404:
Although the acting special
-------- --- ------ -------
in dt jj jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654508) PENN in sentence 4155405:
agent in charge of Minneapolis called the ITOS supervisors to
----- -- ------ -- ----------- ------ --- ---- ----------- --
nn in nn in NP VVD dt NP nns to
discuss the Moussaoui
------- --- ---------
VV dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654509) PENN in sentence 4155406:
case on August 27 , he declined to go up the chain of command at
---- -- ------ -- - -- -------- -- -- -- --- ----- -- ------- --
nn in NP cd , PP VVD to VV rp dt nn in nn in
FBI headquarters and
--- ------------ ---
NP nn cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654510) PENN in sentence 4155407:
call Rolince .
---- ------- -
nn nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654511) PENN in sentence 4155408:
On August 23 , DCI Tenet was briefed about the Moussaoui case in
-- ------ -- - --- ----- --- ------- ----- --- --------- ---- --
in NP cd , NP NP VBD VVN in dt NP nn in
a briefing titled
- -------- ------
dt nn VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654512) PENN in sentence 4155409:
'' Islamic Extremist Learns to Fly . ''
-- ------- --------- ------ -- --- - --
'' NP NP NP to NP sent ''
]
[POS annotation set (6654513) PENN in sentence 4155410:
Tenet was also told
----- --- ---- ----
nn VBD rb VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654514) PENN in sentence 4155411:
that Moussaoui wanted to learn to fly a 747 , paid for his
---- --------- ------ -- ----- -- --- - --- - ---- --- ---
dt NP VVD to VV to VV dt NP , VVN in PP$
training in cash , was
-------- -- ---- - ---
nn in nn , VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654515) PENN in sentence 4155412:
interested to learn the doors do not open in flight , and wanted
---------- -- ----- --- ----- -- --- ---- -- ------ - --- ------
jj to VV dt nns VVP rb VV in nn , cc VVD
to fly a simulated
-- --- - ---------
to VV dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654516) PENN in sentence 4155413:
flight from London to New York .
------ ---- ------ -- --- ---- -
nn in NP to NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654517) PENN in sentence 4155414:
He was told that the FBI had arrested Moussaoui
-- --- ---- ---- --- --- --- -------- ---------
PP VBD VVN IN/that dt NP VHD VVN NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654518) PENN in sentence 4155415:
because of a visa overstay and that the CIA was working the
------- -- - ---- -------- --- ---- --- --- --- ------- ---
in in dt nn VVP cc IN/that dt NP VBD VVG dt
case with the FBI .
---- ---- --- --- -
nn in dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654519) PENN in sentence 4155416:
Tenet
-----
nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654520) PENN in sentence 4155417:
told us that no connection to al Qaeda was apparent to him at
---- -- ---- -- ---------- -- -- ----- --- -------- -- --- --
VVD PP IN/that dt nn to NP NP VBD jj to PP in
the time .
--- ---- -
dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654521) PENN in sentence 4155418:
Seeing it as
------ -- --
VVG PP in
]
[POS annotation set (6654522) PENN in sentence 4155419:
an FBI case , he did not discuss the matter with anyone at the
-- --- ---- - -- --- --- ------- --- ------ ---- ------ -- ---
dt NP nn , PP VVD rb VV dt nn in nn in dt
White House or the
----- ----- -- ---
NP NP cc dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654523) PENN in sentence 4155420:
FBI .
--- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654524) PENN in sentence 4155421:
No connection was made between Moussaoui 's presence in the
-- ---------- --- ---- ------- --------- -- -------- -- ---
dt nn VBD VVN in NP POS nn in dt
United States and
------ ------ ---
NP NPS cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654525) PENN in sentence 4155422:
the threat reporting during the summer of 2001 .
--- ------ --------- ------ --- ------ -- ---- -
dt nn VVG in dt nn in cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654526) PENN in sentence 4155423:
On September 11 , after the attacks , the FBI office in London
-- --------- -- - ----- --- ------- - --- --- ------ -- ------
in NP cd , in dt nns , dt NP nn in NP
renewed their appeal for
------- ----- ------ ---
VVD PP$ nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654527) PENN in sentence 4155424:
information about Moussaoui .
----------- ----- --------- -
nn in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654528) PENN in sentence 4155425:
In response to U.S. requests , the British government
-- -------- -- ---- -------- - --- ------- ----------
in nn to NP nns , dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654529) PENN in sentence 4155426:
supplied some basic biographical information about Moussaoui .
-------- ---- ----- ------------ ----------- ----- --------- -
VVN dt jj jj nn in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654530) PENN in sentence 4155427:
The British government
--- ------- ----------
dt jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654531) PENN in sentence 4155428:
informed us that it also immediately tasked intelligence
-------- -- ---- -- ---- ----------- ------ ------------
VVD PP IN/that PP rb rb VVN nn
collection facilities for
---------- ---------- ---
nn nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654532) PENN in sentence 4155429:
information about Moussaoui .
----------- ----- --------- -
nn in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654533) PENN in sentence 4155430:
On September 13 , the British government received new,
-- --------- -- - --- ------- ---------- -------- ----
in NP cd , dt jj nn VVN NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654534) PENN in sentence 4155431:
sensitive intelligence that Moussaoui had attended an al Qaeda
--------- ------------ ---- --------- --- -------- -- -- -----
jj nn IN/that NP VHD VVN dt NP NP
training camp in
-------- ---- --
nn nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654535) PENN in sentence 4155432:
Afghanistan .
----------- -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654536) PENN in sentence 4155433:
It passed this intelligence to the United States on the same day
-- ------ ---- ------------ -- --- ------ ------ -- --- ---- ---
PP VVD dt nn to dt NP NPS in dt jj nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654537) PENN in sentence 4155434:
Had
---
VHD
]
[POS annotation set (6654538) PENN in sentence 4155435:
this information been available in late August 2001 , the
---- ----------- ---- --------- -- ---- ------ ---- - ---
dt nn VBN jj in jj NP cd , dt
Moussaoui case would almost
--------- ---- ----- ------
NP nn md rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654539) PENN in sentence 4155436:
certainly have received intense , high-level attention .
--------- ---- -------- ------- - ---------- --------- -
rb VHP VVN jj , jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654540) PENN in sentence 4155437:
The FBI also learned after 9/11 that the millennium terrorist
--- --- ---- ------- ----- ---- ---- --- ---------- ---------
dt NP rb VVD in cd IN/that dt nn jj
Ressam , who by 2001 was
------ - --- -- ---- ---
NP , wp in cd VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654541) PENN in sentence 4155438:
cooperating with investigators , recognized Moussaoui as someone
----------- ---- ------------- - ---------- --------- -- -------
VVG in nns , VVN NP in nn
who had been in the
--- --- ---- -- ---
wp VHD VBN in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654542) PENN in sentence 4155439:
Afghan camps .
------ ----- -
jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654543) PENN in sentence 4155440:
As mentioned above , before 9/11 the FBI agents in Minneapolis
-- --------- ----- - ------ ---- --- --- ------ -- -----------
in VVN in , in cd dt NP nns in NP
had failed to persuade
--- ------ -- --------
VHD VVN to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654544) PENN in sentence 4155441:
supervisors at headquarters that there was enough evidence to
----------- -- ------------ ---- ----- --- ------ -------- --
nns in nns IN/that ex VBD jj nn to
seek a FISA warrant to
---- - ---- ------- --
VV dt NP nn to
]
[POS annotation set (6654545) PENN in sentence 4155442:
search Moussaoui 's computer hard drive and belongings .
------ --------- -- -------- ---- ----- --- ---------- -
VV NP POS nn jj nn cc nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654546) PENN in sentence 4155443:
Either the British
------ --- -------
cc dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654547) PENN in sentence 4155444:
information or the Ressam identification would have broken the
----------- -- --- ------ -------------- ----- ---- ------ ---
nn cc dt NP nn md VH VVN dt
logjam .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654548) PENN in sentence 4155445:
A maximum U.S. effort to investigate Moussaoui conceivably could
- ------- ---- ------ -- ----------- --------- ----------- -----
dt jj NP nn to VV NP rb md
have unearthed his
---- --------- ---
VH VVN PP$
]
[POS annotation set (6654549) PENN in sentence 4155446:
connections to Binalshibh .
----------- -- ---------- -
nns to NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654550) PENN in sentence 4155447:
Those connections might have brought investigators to the
----- ----------- ----- ---- ------- ------------- -- ---
dt nns md VH VVN nns to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654551) PENN in sentence 4155448:
core of the 9/11 plot .
---- -- --- ---- ---- -
nn in dt cd nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654552) PENN in sentence 4155449:
The Binalshibh connection was recognized shortly after 9/11,
--- ---------- ---------- --- ---------- ------- ----- -----
dt NP nn VBD VVN rb in cd
]
[POS annotation set (6654553) PENN in sentence 4155450:
though it was not an easy trail to find .
------ -- --- --- -- ---- ----- -- ---- -
in PP VBD rb dt jj nn to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654554) PENN in sentence 4155451:
Discovering it would have required quick
----------- -- ----- ---- -------- -----
VVG PP md VH VVN jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654555) PENN in sentence 4155452:
and very substantial cooperation from the German government ,
--- ---- ----------- ----------- ---- --- ------ ---------- -
cc rb jj nn in dt jj nn ,
which might well have
----- ----- ---- ----
wdt md rb VH
]
[POS annotation set (6654556) PENN in sentence 4155453:
been difficult to obtain .
---- --------- -- ------ -
VBN jj to VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654557) PENN in sentence 4155454:
However , publicity about Moussaoui 's arrest and a possible
------- - --------- ----- --------- -- ------ --- - --------
rb , nn in NP POS nn cc dt jj
]
[POS annotation set (6654558) PENN in sentence 4155455:
hijacking threat might have derailed the plot.107With time , the
--------- ------ ----- ---- -------- --- ------------ ---- - ---
VVG nn md VH VVN dt nn nn , dt
search for Mihdhar
------ --- -------
nn in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654559) PENN in sentence 4155456:
and Hazmi and the investigation of Moussaoui might also have led
--- ----- --- --- ------------- -- --------- ----- ---- ---- ---
cc NP cc dt nn in NP md rb VH VVN
to a breakthrough
-- - ------------
to dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654560) PENN in sentence 4155457:
that would have disrupted the plot .
---- ----- ---- --------- --- ---- -
dt md VH VVN dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654561) PENN in sentence 4155458:
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
------ ------ --------
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654562) PENN in sentence 4155459:
Another late opportunity was presented by a confluence of
------- ---- ----------- --- --------- -- - ---------- --
dt jj nn VBD VVN in dt nn in
information regarding
----------- ---------
nn VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654563) PENN in sentence 4155460:
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed received by the intelligence community in
------ ------ -------- -------- -- --- ------------ --------- --
NP NP NP VVD in dt nn nn in
the summer of 2001 .
--- ------ -- ---- -
dt nn in cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654564) PENN in sentence 4155461:
The possible links between KSM , Moussaoui , and an individual
--- -------- ----- ------- --- - --------- - --- -- ----------
dt jj nns in NP , NP , cc dt nn
only later identified
---- ----- ----------
rb rbr VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654565) PENN in sentence 4155462:
as Ramzi Binalshibh would remain undiscovered , however .
-- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------------ - ------- -
in NP NP md VV jj , rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654566) PENN in sentence 4155463:
Although we readily equate KSM with al Qaeda today , this was not
-------- -- ------- ------ --- ---- -- ----- ----- - ---- --- ---
in PP rb VV nn in NP NP nn , dt VBD rb
the case before
--- ---- ------
dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654567) PENN in sentence 4155464:
9/11 .
---- -
cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654568) PENN in sentence 4155465:
KSM , who had been indicted in January 1996 for his role in the
--- - --- --- ---- -------- -- ------- ---- --- --- ---- -- ---
NP , wp VHD VBN VVN in NP cd in PP$ nn in dt
Manila air
------ ---
NP nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654569) PENN in sentence 4155466:
plot , was seen primarily as another freelance terrorist ,
---- - --- ---- --------- -- ------- --------- --------- -
nn , VBD VVN rb in dt nn nn ,
associated with Ramzi
---------- ---- -----
VVN in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654570) PENN in sentence 4155467:
Yousef .
------ -
NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654571) PENN in sentence 4155468:
Because the links between KSM and Bin Ladin or al Qaeda were not
------- --- ----- ------- --- --- --- ----- -- -- ----- ---- ---
in dt nns in NP cc NP NP cc NP NP VBD rb
recognized
----------
VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654572) PENN in sentence 4155469:
at the time , responsibility for KSM remained in the small
-- --- ---- - -------------- --- --- -------- -- --- -----
in dt nn , nn in NP VVD in dt jj
Islamic Extremist Branch
------- --------- ------
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654573) PENN in sentence 4155470:
of the Counterterrorist Center , not in the Bin Ladin unit .
-- --- ---------------- ------ - --- -- --- --- ----- ---- -
in dt NP NP , rb in dt NP NP nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654574) PENN in sentence 4155471:
Moreover , because KSM had already been indicted , he became
-------- - ------- --- --- ------- ---- -------- - -- ------
rb , in NP VHD rb VBN VVN , PP VVD
targeted for arrest .
-------- --- ------ -
VVN in nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654575) PENN in sentence 4155472:
In
--
in
]
[POS annotation set (6654576) PENN in sentence 4155473:
1997 , the Counterterrorist Center added a Renditions Branch to
---- - --- ---------------- ------ ----- - ---------- ------ --
cd , dt NP NP VVD dt NP NP to
help find wanted
---- ---- ------
VV VV VVD
]
[POS annotation set (6654577) PENN in sentence 4155474:
fugitives .
--------- -
nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654578) PENN in sentence 4155475:
Responsibility for KSM was transferred to this branch , which
-------------- --- --- --- ----------- -- ---- ------ - -----
nn in NP VBD VVN to dt nn , wdt
gave the CIA
---- --- ---
VVD dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654579) PENN in sentence 4155476:
a `` man-to-man '' focus but was not an analytical unit .
- -- ---------- -- ----- --- --- --- -- ---------- ---- -
dt `` jj '' nn cc VBD rb dt jj nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654580) PENN in sentence 4155477:
When subsequent information
---- ---------- -----------
wrb jj nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654581) PENN in sentence 4155478:
came , more critical for analysis than for tracking , no unit had
---- - ---- -------- --- -------- ---- --- -------- - -- ---- ---
VVD , rbr jj in nn in in nn , dt nn VHD
the job of following
--- --- -- ---------
dt nn in VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654582) PENN in sentence 4155479:
up on what the information might mean .
-- -- ---- --- ----------- ----- ---- -
rb in wp dt nn md VV sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654583) PENN in sentence 4155480:
For example , in September 2000 , a source had reported that
--- ------- - -- --------- ---- - - ------ --- -------- ----
in nn , in NP cd , dt nn VHD VVN IN/that
an individual named Khalid
-- ---------- ----- ------
dt nn VVN NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654584) PENN in sentence 4155481:
al-Shaykh al-Ballushi was a key lieutenant in al Qaeda .
--------- ----------- --- - --- ---------- -- -- ----- -
NP NP VBD dt jj nn in NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654585) PENN in sentence 4155482:
Al- Ballushi means `` from
--- -------- ----- -- ----
NP NP VVZ `` in
]
[POS annotation set (6654586) PENN in sentence 4155483:
Baluchistan , '' and KSM is from Baluchistan .
----------- - -- --- --- -- ---- ----------- -
NP , '' cc NP VBZ in NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654587) PENN in sentence 4155484:
Recognizing the possible significance of
----------- --- -------- ------------ --
VVG dt jj nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654588) PENN in sentence 4155485:
this information , the Bin Ladin unit sought more information
---- ----------- - --- --- ----- ---- ------ ---- -----------
dt nn , dt NP NP nn VVD jjr nn
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654589) PENN in sentence 4155486:
When no information
---- -- -----------
wrb dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654590) PENN in sentence 4155487:
was forthcoming , the Bin Ladin unit dropped the matter .
--- ----------- - --- --- ----- ---- ------- --- ------ -
VBD jj , dt NP NP nn VVD dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654591) PENN in sentence 4155488:
When additional pieces of the puzzle arrived in the spring and
---- ---------- ------ -- --- ------ ------- -- --- ------ ---
wrb jj nns in dt nn VVD in dt nn cc
summer of 2001 , they
------ -- ---- - ----
nn in cd , PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654592) PENN in sentence 4155489:
were not put together .
---- --- --- -------- -
VBD rb VVN rb sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654593) PENN in sentence 4155490:
The first piece of the puzzle concerned some intriguing
--- ----- ----- -- --- ------ --------- ---- ----------
dt jj nn in dt nn VVD dt jj
information associated with a
----------- ---------- ---- -
nn VVN in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654594) PENN in sentence 4155491:
person known as `` Mukhtar '' that the CIA had begun analyzing
------ ----- -- -- ------- -- ---- --- --- --- ----- ---------
nn VVN in `` NP '' IN/that dt NP VHD VVN VVG
in April 2001 .
-- ----- ---- -
in NP cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654595) PENN in sentence 4155492:
The CIA
--- ---
dt NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654596) PENN in sentence 4155493:
did not know who Mukhtar was at the time-only that he
--- --- ---- --- ------- --- -- --- --------- ---- --
VVD rb VV wp NP VBD in dt nn IN/that PP
associated with al Qaeda
---------- ---- -- -----
VVN in NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654597) PENN in sentence 4155494:
lieutenant Abu Zubaydah and that , based on the nature of the
---------- --- -------- --- ---- - ----- -- --- ------ -- ---
nn NP NP cc IN/that , VVN in dt nn in dt
information , he was
----------- - -- ---
nn , PP VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654598) PENN in sentence 4155495:
evidently involved in planning possible terrorist activities .
--------- -------- -- -------- -------- --------- ---------- -
rb VVN in VVG jj jj nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654599) PENN in sentence 4155496:
The second piece of the puzzle was some alarming information
--- ------ ----- -- --- ------ --- ---- -------- -----------
dt jj nn in dt nn VBD dt jj nn
regarding KSM .
--------- --- -
VVG nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654600) PENN in sentence 4155497:
On June
-- ----
in NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654601) PENN in sentence 4155498:
12, 2001 , a CIA report said that `` Khaled '' was actively
--- ---- - - --- ------ ---- ---- -- ------ -- --- --------
cd cd , dt NP nn VVD IN/that `` NP '' VBD rb
recruiting people to travel
---------- ------ -- ------
VVG nns to VV
]
[POS annotation set (6654602) PENN in sentence 4155499:
outside Afghanistan , including to the United States where
------- ----------- - --------- -- --- ------ ------ -----
in NP , VVG to dt NP NPS wrb
colleagues were reportedly
---------- ---- ----------
nns VBD rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654603) PENN in sentence 4155500:
already in the country to meet them , to carry out terrorist-
------- -- --- ------- -- ---- ---- - -- ----- --- ----------
rb in dt nn to VV PP , to VV rp jj
related activities for
------- ---------- ---
nns in
]
[POS annotation set (6654604) PENN in sentence 4155501:
Bin Ladin .
--- ----- -
NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654605) PENN in sentence 4155502:
CIA headquarters presumed from the details of the reporting
--- ------------ -------- ---- --- ------- -- --- ---------
NP nns VVN in dt nns in dt nn
that this
---- ----
IN/that dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654606) PENN in sentence 4155503:
person was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed .
------ --- ------ ------ -------- -
nn VBD NP NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654607) PENN in sentence 4155504:
In July , the same source was shown a series of
-- ---- - --- ---- ------ --- ----- - ------ --
in NP , dt jj nn VBD VVN dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654608) PENN in sentence 4155505:
photographs and identified a photograph of Khalid Sheikh
----------- --- ---------- - ---------- -- ------ ------
nns cc VVN dt nn in NP NP
Mohammed as the Khaled he
-------- -- --- ------ --
NP in dt NP PP
]
[POS annotation set (6654609) PENN in sentence 4155506:
had previously discussed .
--- ---------- --------- -
VHD rb VVN sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654610) PENN in sentence 4155507:
The final piece of the puzzle arrived at the CIA 's Bin Ladin
--- ----- ----- -- --- ------ ------- -- --- --- -- --- -----
dt jj nn in dt nn VVD in dt NP POS NP NP
unit on August 28 in a
---- -- ------ -- -- -
nn in NP cd in dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654611) PENN in sentence 4155508:
cable reporting that KSM 's nickname was Mukhtar .
----- --------- ---- --- -- -------- --- ------- -
nn VVG IN/that NP POS nn VBD NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654612) PENN in sentence 4155509:
No one made the connection to the
-- --- ---- --- ---------- -- ---
dt cd VVD dt nn to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654613) PENN in sentence 4155510:
reports about Mukhtar that had been circulated in the spring .
------- ----- ------- ---- --- ---- ---------- -- --- ------ -
nns in NP wdt VHD VBN VVN in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654614) PENN in sentence 4155511:
This connection might
---- ---------- -----
dt nn md
]
[POS annotation set (6654615) PENN in sentence 4155512:
also have underscored concern about the June reporting that
---- ---- ----------- ------- ----- --- ---- --------- ----
rb VHP VVN nn in dt NP nn IN/that
KSM was recruiting
--- --- ----------
NP VBD VVG
]
[POS annotation set (6654616) PENN in sentence 4155513:
terrorists to travel , including to the United States .
---------- -- ------ - --------- -- --- ------ ------ -
nns to VV , VVG to dt NP NPS sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654617) PENN in sentence 4155514:
Only after 9/11 would it be
---- ----- ---- ----- -- --
rb in cd md PP vb
]
[POS annotation set (6654618) PENN in sentence 4155515:
discovered that Muhktar/KSM had communicated with a phone
---------- ---- ----------- --- ------------ ---- - -----
VVD IN/that nn VHD VVN in dt nn
that was used by
---- --- ---- --
wdt VBD VVN in
]
[POS annotation set (6654619) PENN in sentence 4155516:
Binalshibh , and that Binalshibh had used the same phone to
---------- - --- ---- ---------- --- ---- --- ---- ----- --
NP , cc IN/that NP VHD VVN dt jj nn to
communicate with
----------- ----
VV in
]
[POS annotation set (6654620) PENN in sentence 4155517:
Moussaoui , as discussed in chapter 7 .
--------- - -- --------- -- ------- - -
NP , rb VVN in nn cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654621) PENN in sentence 4155518:
As in the Moussaoui situation already
-- -- --- --------- --------- -------
rb in dt NP nn rb
]
[POS annotation set (6654622) PENN in sentence 4155519:
described , the links to Binalshibh might not have been an easy
--------- - --- ----- -- ---------- ----- --- ---- ---- -- ----
VVN , dt nns to NP md rb VH VBN dt jj
trail to find and
----- -- ---- ---
nn to VV cc
]
[POS annotation set (6654623) PENN in sentence 4155520:
would have required substantial cooperation from the German
----- ---- -------- ----------- ----------- ---- --- ------
md VH VVN jj nn in dt jj
government .
---------- -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654624) PENN in sentence 4155521:
But time was
--- ---- ---
cc nn VBD
]
[POS annotation set (6654625) PENN in sentence 4155522:
short , and running out .
----- - --- ------- --- -
rb , cc VVG rp sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654626) PENN in sentence 4155523:
Time Runs Out
---- ---- ---
NP NP NP
]
[POS annotation set (6654627) PENN in sentence 4155524:
As Tenet told us , `` the system was blinking red '' during the
-- ----- ---- -- - -- --- ------ --- -------- --- -- ------ ---
in NP VVD PP , `` dt nn VBD VVG nn '' in dt
summer of 2001 .
------ -- ---- -
nn in cd sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654628) PENN in sentence 4155525:
Officials
---------
nns
]
[POS annotation set (6654629) PENN in sentence 4155526:
were alerted across the world .
---- ------- ------ --- ----- -
VBD VVD in dt nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654630) PENN in sentence 4155527:
Many were doing everything they possibly could to
---- ---- ----- ---------- ---- -------- ----- --
jj VBD VVG nn PP rb md to
]
[POS annotation set (6654631) PENN in sentence 4155528:
respond to the threats .
------- -- --- ------- -
VV to dt nns sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654632) PENN in sentence 4155529:
Yet no one working on these late leads in the summer of 2001
--- -- --- ------- -- ----- ---- ----- -- --- ------ -- ----
cc dt cd nn in dt jj nns in dt nn in cd
connected the case in
--------- --- ---- --
VVN dt nn in
]
[POS annotation set (6654633) PENN in sentence 4155530:
his or her in-box to the threat reports agitating senior
--- -- --- ------ -- --- ------ ------- --------- ------
PP$ cc PP$ nn to dt nn nns VVG jj
officials and being briefed
--------- --- ----- -------
nns cc VBG VVN
]
[POS annotation set (6654634) PENN in sentence 4155531:
to the President .
-- --- --------- -
to dt NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654635) PENN in sentence 4155532:
Thus , these individual cases did not become national priorities
---- - ----- ---------- ----- --- --- ------ -------- ----------
rb , dt jj nns VVD rb VV jj nns
.
-
sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654636) PENN in sentence 4155533:
As the CIA supervisor `` John" told us , no one looked at the
-- --- --- ---------- -- ----- ---- -- - -- --- ------ -- ---
in dt NP nn `` NP VVD PP , rb cd VVN in dt
bigger picture ; no
------ ------- - --
jjr nn : dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654637) PENN in sentence 4155534:
analytic work foresaw the lightning that could connect the
-------- ---- ------- --- --------- ---- ----- ------- ---
jj nn VVD dt nn wdt md VV dt
thundercloud to the
------------ -- ---
nn to dt
]
[POS annotation set (6654638) PENN in sentence 4155535:
ground .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654639) PENN in sentence 4155536:
We see little evidence that the progress of the plot was
-- --- ------ -------- ---- --- -------- -- --- ---- ---
PP VVP jj nn IN/that dt nn in dt nn VBD
disturbed by any government
--------- -- --- ----------
VVN in dt nn
]
[POS annotation set (6654640) PENN in sentence 4155537:
action .
------ -
nn sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654641) PENN in sentence 4155538:
The U.S. government was unable to capitalize on mistakes made by
--- ---- ---------- --- ------ -- ---------- -- -------- ---- --
dt NP nn VBD jj to VV in nns VVN in
al Qaeda .
-- ----- -
NP NP sent
]
[POS annotation set (6654642) PENN in sentence 4155539:
Time ran out .
---- --- --- -
nn VVD rp sent
]
(C) 2019 by Damir Cavar
Content source: dcavar/python-tutorial-for-ipython
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